Unit-1:
Topic:
Database Architecture
Learning Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
• What is DBMS architecture?
• Overall View of database Architecture?
• Different Types of Architecture
• Some MCQ’s
DATABASE ARCHITECTURE:
➤ Database Architecture are used programming language to design a particular
type of software for businesses and organizations.
➤ Database Architecture focus on the design, development implementation and
maintenances of computer program.
➤ The Architecture of the database system is influenced by computer system on
which the database system runs.
➤ Database system Architecture can be a centralized or client-server.
➤ A client machines, on which remote database user work and server machine, on
which the database system runs.
THE DATABASE ARCHITECTURE
How does a database engine work?
❖ NAIVE USERS: Unsophisticated users, interact with the systems through
application programs. EX: Online Banking screen, Payment apps.
❖ APPLICATION PROGRAMMERS: Users who write & develop application
programs by using different tools.
❖ SOPHISTICATED USERS: Interact with the system by making request in the
form of query language. These queries submitted to query processor.
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR: Handle Physical & Logical level of database.
Gives privileges to users.
Types of database engines:
❖ QUERY PROCESSOR:
It interprets the requests(queries) received from end user is an application
program into instructions.
❖ DML COMPILER:
It process the DML statements into low level instructions(machine language).
❖ DDL INTERPRETER:
It process the DDL statements into a set of table containing meta data(data
about data).
❖ COMPILER & LINKER:
It process & link DML statements embedded in an application program into
procedural calls.
❖ QUERY EVALUVATION ENGINE:
It executes the instruction generated by DML compiler.
Types of database engines…
❖ STORAGE MANAGER:
Storage manager is a program that provides an interface between the data stored in the
database and the queries received. It is also known as DATABASE CONTROL SYSTEM.
❖ AUTHORIZATION MANAGER:
It ensures role-based access control. i.e., checks whether the particular person is privileged to
perform the requested operation or not.
❖ INTEGRITY MANAGER:
It checks the integrity constraints when the database is modified.
❖ TRANSACTION MANAGER:
It controls concurrent access by performing the operations in a scheduled way that it receives
the transaction.
❖ FILE MANAGER:
Manages the file space and the data structure used to represent information in the Database.
❖ BUFFER MANAGER:
It is responsible for cache memory and the transfer of data between the secondary storage and
main memory.
Disk Storage:
Storage manager interacts with several data structures at physical level
(Disk storage)
Data files, which store the database itself.
Data dictionary, which stores metadata about the structure of the
database.
Indices, which can provide fast access to data items.
Like the index in this textbook, a database index provides pointers to
those data items that hold a particular value.
Transaction Management:
A transaction is a collection of operations that handles transaction in the database by ensuring
the following properties:
Atomicity-all-or-none
Consistency - correctness of data
Durability - persistence (data should be present)
Failure recovery - recover from system crash
Type of DBMS Architecture:
➤ The Architecture of DBMS can be seen as either single tier or multiple tiers.
☐ 1-tier Architecture
☐ 2-tier Architecture
☐ 3-tier Architecture
☐ N-tier Architecture
One- Tier Architecture
One-tier Architecture involves putting all of the required components for a software
application or technology on a single server or platform.
Two- Tier Architecture
Three- Tier Architecture:
N-tier Architecture:
N-tier Architecture would involves dividing an application into three different
tiers.
These would be the following tiers,
I. The Logic tier
II. The Presentation tier
III. The data tier
Summary
• What is meant DBMS architecture?
• Overall View of database Architecture
• Different Types of Architecture
• Some MCQ’s
MCQ 1
1. What is the basic client/server architecture, one has to deal with?
B
a) Large number of PCs
b) Web servers
c) Database Servers
d) All of the above
Answer: D
2. How many types of DBMS architectures are there?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: C
MCQ
3. The Basic client-server model is similar to
B
a) 2-tier architecture
b) 3-tier architecture
c) 4-tier architecture
d) 5-tier architecture
Answer: A
4. Which API is used for the interaction in 2-tier architecture?
1.ODBC
2.JDBC
3.Both A. and B.
4.None of the above
Answer: C) Both A. and B.
MCQ’s
D)
5. Accessing data stored
What is present in Server but not in Client?
A) Database
B) Application Server
C) User
D) None
Answer: A) Database
6. 3-tier architecture is used in –
a) Large web application
b) Small web application
c) Both large and small web application
d) Neither small nor large web application
Answer: A) Large web application
