LESSON 4:
PHASE
CHANGES
PHASE CHANGES IN
MATTER
Phase changes in matter is the process by which matter changes from one physical
state or phase to another. The three most common phases of matter are solid, liquid,
and gas.
For example, from solid to liquid Another example, from liquid to gas
PHASE
CHANGES
- are transformations of matter from one
physical state to another
Note: It only affects physical appearance not
chemical make-up. It is reversible.
What happens during PHASE
CHANGES?
1. Heat energy is either absorbed or
released.
2. Heat energy is released when
molecules slow down and move closer
together.
deposition
freezing condensation
melting evaporation
sublimation
PHASE CHANGES
THROUGH HEATING
PHASE CHANGE :
MELTING • Melting is a process in which a solid substance
changes into a liquid state due to an increase in
temperature.
• When a solid is heated, the kinetic energy of its
molecules increases, causing the molecules to
Melting process of popsicles vibrate and move more rapidly.
• Once these bonds are broken, the molecules
become less tightly packed, and they are able to
move around more freely, which causes the
solid to turn into a liquid.
PHASE CHANGE :
BOILING • Boiling is a process in which a liquid substance
changes into a gas state due to an increase in
temperature and pressure.
• When a liquid substance is heated, the energy
that is added to it causes the molecules to move
Boiling process of dry ice around more rapidly and collide with each other
more frequently.
• As the temperature and pressure increase, this
process continues until all of the liquid has been
converted into gas.
PHASE CHANGE :
EVAPORATION • Evaporation is a process in which a liquid
substance changes into a gas state at a
temperature below its boiling point, due to the
energy supplied to the surface molecules of the
liquid.
Evaporation process of water
• When a liquid is exposed to air, the more
energetic molecules near the surface of the
liquid can escape into the air as gas molecules.
This process continues until all of the liquid has
been converted into gas
PHASE CHANGE :
SUBLIMATION • Sublimation is a process in which a solid
substance changes directly into a gas state
without first becoming a liquid.
• Sublimation occurs when the temperature and
Sublimation process of dry ice pressure are such that the solid can't undergo
melting and instead goes directly into the gas
phase.
• This can occur either through the addition of
heat, or the reduction of pressure, or both.
PHASE CHANGES
THROUGH COOLING
PHASE CHANGE :
FREEZING • Freezing is a phase change in which a liquid
substance changes into a solid state.
• This occurs when the temperature of a liquid is
lowered below its freezing point, at which point
the molecules become strong enough to hold
Freezing process of ice cubes them in a fixed position relative to each other.
• The freezing point of a substance depends on
factors such as pressure and the presence of
impurities.
PHASE CHANGE :
CONDENSATION • Condensation is a phase change in which a gas
substance changes into a liquid state.
• This occurs when the temperature of a gas is
lowered below its dew point, at which point the
molecules become strong enough to cause them
Condensation process of water to come closer together and form a liquid.
• Condensation is a common occurrence in nature
and can be seen in different phenomena.
PHASE CHANGE :
DEPOSITION • Deposition is a phase change in which a gas
substance changes into a solid state without first
passing through the liquid state.
• This occurs when the temperature of a gas is
lowered below its sublimation point, at which
Deposition process of a snowflake point the molecules become strong enough to
cause them to come closer together and form a
solid.
• This can result in the formation of frost,
snowflakes, or other types of ice crystals.
