Population and
Unemployment
PRESENTATION BY:
HAFSA RAZA
POPULATION GROWTH
Population growth is related to birth rate,
death rate and migration.
Birth and Death rates are measured by
average number of births and deaths per 1000
people.
The rate of natural increase is the difference
between the birth and death rates.
Birth Rate-Death Rate= Rate of Natural
Increase
Reasons for High Population Growth:
Effects of Population Growth on the
Economy and Development of pakistan
Problems that hinder economic development are:
Food insecurity
Unemployment and underemployment in rural and urban areas
Burden on health facilities, fewer doctors, hospitals , shortage of medicines
Shortage of water supply
Electricity crisis
Lack of educational institutions
Child labour
Burden on transport resources
HOW TO REDUCE POPULATION GROWTH
RATE IN PAKISTAN?
Family planning programmes in urban and rural areas
Providing cheap contraceptives to population
Ban on child labour
Education and awareness of population growth
Focusing on female education
Skill development programmes
Better use of natural resources
Better living conditions/ better sanitation
More clinics and hospitals
The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 1: Pre-transition Stage 2: Early transition
Birth rates were high because: The fall in death rate was due to:
No birth control or family planning Increased medical facilities
Large families were a matter of pride Improved sanitation and water supply
High death rates were due to: Better transportation system
High infant mortality Lower child mortality due to improved
healthcare
Poor hygiene and shortage of food
The Demographic Transition Model
Stage 3 : Mid-transition Stage 4: Post transition
The fall in the birth rate was due to: Low birth and death rates lead to a rate
Ambitious family planning programmes of natural increase and a stable period
Improvement in literacy rates
Increased industrialisation
Improved living standards
Women marrying later in urban areas
POPULATION
STRUCTURES
The population structure is the
percentage of males and females
in different age groups, as shown
by a population pyramid .
The population pyramids in fig
12.7 indicate:
• A high birth rate leading to high
dependency ratio
• A fall in the death rate, with more
people in the middle age group
• Slightly longer life expectancy
POPULATION STRUCTURES AND
DEVELOPMENT
EFFECTS OF POPULATION STRUCTURE ON THE PROJECTED POPULATION PYRAMID WILL
ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT ARE AS AFFECT THE ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT
FOLLOWS : OF PAKISTAN IN MANY POSITIVE WAYS:
High birth rates puts pressure on the Low birth rates means a lower dependency ratio
economic resources of the country which will increase investment in developmental
sectors
Smaller proportion of 15-60 age group is a
Larger population of people ages 15-69 means a
negative sign for the economy as it helps to
larger skilled and unskilled labour force available
generate income for the country
A larger population of an ageing population are
Economy may further be overburdened with more experienced and may help the younger
substantial rise in an ageing population population to work more effectively
EMPLOYMENT
Employed labour force can be divided into three broad categories:
Primary Occupation: It is related to all such occupations that extract raw
materials directly from the Earth or Sea.e.g : Agriculture, Mining ,Fishing.
Secondary Occupation: It includes occupations which process and
manufacture primary products.e.g: steel making , shipping or furniture
making and assembly industries.
Tertiary Occupation: It comprises all those occupations which provide
services such as transport, banking, trade, insurance and administration.
UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment means being
unable to find a job. The
estimated rate of unemployment
in pakistan is 4.4% in 2020.
Unemployment occurs when
authorities are unable to generate
economic opportunities for the
skilled and unskilled labour force.
How can we overcome the problems
of unemployment in pakistan?
To provide technical education , training and skill facilities
Establishment of heavy industries and invite foreign investors
Establishment of cottage industries in rural areas
Computer education
To improve technology
Establishment of technical institutions
Establishment of industrial states
Establishment of EPZs and dry ports
Government schemes (Khushal Pakistan Programmes)
Population
Distribution and
Density
The distribution of population
refers to the spread of people in
an area. Fig 12.16 shows the
distribution of urban centres with
populations above 200,000 . The
density of population is the
number if people per unit area.
The density is obtained by
dividing the total population of a
country by its area.
Factors Affecting Distribution and
Density of Population in Pakistan
•Physical/Natural factors: Natural topography( flat or undulating land),climate(moderate),soil,
water supply , natural routes(gaps through mountains, natural harbour)
•Human factors: Efficient transport system (road, rail and air network), port facilities , industrial
areas , trade and business centres, tourism development
•Political factors: Favourable government policies , new towns
•Social factors: Better accommodation facilities, education and health facilities, rural-urban
migration.
Migration
Migration is the movement of people from one area to another.
Types of Migration:
1. Internal migration
2. External/ International migration
3. Seasonal migration
Causes of Rural-Urban Migration
Problems Resulting from Rural- urban
Migration
Housing situation in pakistan ha remained under tremendous pressure
The acute pressure on urban resources due to rural-urban migration and overpopulation has threatened
environment to a greater extent
Rural-urban migration overburdens the resources of urban areas such as food supply, healthcare etc
Increased crime and terrorism
Rural-urban migration disturbs the balance of the family life and the social structure
The unplanned growth of cities
Self-Help Schemes
These have the following characteristics:
They are small scale – this makes them cheaper and means that the country does not need
to borrow money.
They involve the local people – this means that they help everyone in the area are more
likely to be successful .
They use simple technology – so the skills of the local people are used and they do not
have to rely on experts from other countries .
Out-Migration from Pakistan
Emigration has become common in pakistan. Many people migrate to other countries because:
•Unemployment and Underemployment
•More job opportunities for skilled and unskilled labourers
•Glamorous lifestyle of advanced countries
•Corruption, delayed justice, favouritism and high crime rates
•Lack of development in rural areas
•Uncertain political conditions due to growing terrorism and economic crisis
Causes of Seasonal Migration
To avoid from severe summers/winters
Move from mountainous areas in winter to find jobs in pakistan
Nomadic movements in search of pastures and water
A number of flood victims move to safer areas during the monsoon season
Seasonal migration is also practiced during the harvesting season
In mountainous regions, especially in northern and north-western mountains, transhumance is
practiced
Sustainable
Population How can sustainable population growth be
maintained?
Growth It us important to:
Sustainable population refers to a Increase awareness of the adverse consequences of
size of population that can be rapid population growth
effectively supported by an
economy’s resources at all times. It Attain a balance between resources and population
is achieved when development in by maximum utilization of natural and Human
resources is proportionate to
Resources
population growth. The growing
population has slowed down Promote family planning programmes to reduce birth
economic growth which has rate
contributed to environmental
degradation and depletion of natural
resources.
Thank You
