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Basic Concepts and Information

This document discusses basic concepts in history including: - History is the documented record of human society and achievements from written records to present. - Sources of history include documents, relics, accounts from living eyewitnesses, and respondents. - Sources are classified as primary, secondary, or general references. Primary sources directly discuss events while secondary sources discuss primary sources or events through others. - External and internal criticism help establish the authenticity and accuracy of historical sources by examining factors like author knowledge, time delay, and consistency.

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Japhet D. Sibuyan
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31 views8 pages

Basic Concepts and Information

This document discusses basic concepts in history including: - History is the documented record of human society and achievements from written records to present. - Sources of history include documents, relics, accounts from living eyewitnesses, and respondents. - Sources are classified as primary, secondary, or general references. Primary sources directly discuss events while secondary sources discuss primary sources or events through others. - External and internal criticism help establish the authenticity and accuracy of historical sources by examining factors like author knowledge, time delay, and consistency.

Uploaded by

Japhet D. Sibuyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Concepts

and Information
Meaning and Relevance of History
• Documented record of man and his society
• As a field of study , it is a study of man and his
achievements from the beginning of written records to the
present time.
• As a record, it is a documented history of man and his
society.
• As literature, history is an effective presentation of the
unfolding of events.
• For students of history, it is a record of the past showing his
development and improvement throughout the ages.
Sources of History
• The originators of information and data
• Documents , written materials that says something
about historical events.
• Documents can be letters, receipts, copies of speech,
eyewitness accounts, narration or books.
• Not-written sources such as relics, fossils, remains,
and memorabilia.
• Alive sources are living eyewitnesses. When the
researcher uses them in his research , they are
known as respondents or informants.
Types of Sources
• Primary and Secondary

• Primary Sources are considered as the lifeblood


of history. De Viana (2015) states that the
primary source directly talks about the subject
matter. Eyewitnesses accounts are also primary
sources.

Example: minutes of meetings, diaries and journals,


autobiographies, speeches, receipts, essays, etc.
• Secondary Sources are documents or works made by
individuals who are not directly involved to the events
or made by people who obtained the information from
somebody else or from primary sources.

Examples: Textbooks, encyclopedia entries,


newspapers, accounts of a meeting, magazine articles
about a subject or teachers reports on student behavior as
reported by school counselors.
• General references is the third classification of
sources. It merely pints the reader to the primary or
secondary sources.

Example: contents of card catalogue


External and Internal
Criticism
External Criticism is the establishment of
authenticity. Its purpose is to ensure that the
documents are not mere forgeries or inventions.

Example: Scientific techniques such as Physical and


Chemical Test
Internal Criticism is the establishment of accuracy.
Its purpose is to evaluate the accuracy and the worth
of the data.

Four factors to be considered in determining the


accuracy:
1. Author’s knowledge and competence
2. Time delay
3. Motive and biases of the author
4. Consistency of the data

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