JIGJIGA Health Science College

Regular Program
Emerging Technology
Chapter One
Introduction to Emerging Technologies

Abdikadar M
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 By completing this chapter, the students will be able to:
➢ Develop knowledge about the era of industrial evolutions
➢ Identify the technological advances that made the industrial revolution pos
➢ Analyze the changing conditions created by the industrial revolution in bot
Europe and the united states
➢ Understand the causes of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain,
continental Europe, and the United States.
➢ Describe the technological innovations that spurred industrialization
➢ Identifies and understand the programmable device.
➢ Understand concepts relating to the design of human-computer interfaces i
ways making computer-based systems comprehensive, friendly and usable.
➢ Develop general knowledge about emerging technologies 2
 Evolution of Technologies

➢what is emerging technologies?

Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new
technology, but it may also refer to the continuing development
of existing technology; it can have slightly different meanings
when used in different areas, such as media, business,
science, or education.

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What is the root word of technology and evolution?
Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the arts," from Greek
tekhnologia
The meaning "science of the mechanical and industrial arts" is first
recorded in 1859.
Evolution: evolution means the process of developing by gradual changes.
Technological evolution: is a theory of radical transformation of society through
technological development

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 List of some currently available emerged
technologies
 Artificial Intelligence
 Blockchain
 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
 Cloud Computing
 Angular and React
 DevOps
 Internet of Things (IoT)
 Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
 Big Data
 Robotic Process
 Robotic Processor Automation (RPA) 5
 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)

The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization and

innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s.

An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society shifts from using
tools to make products to use new sources of energy, such as coal, to
power machines in factories.

The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor

more efficient and productive.
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Continue…………

The American Industrial Revolution commonly referred to as the Second

Industrial Revolution, started sometime between 1820 and 1870.

The impact of changing the way items was manufactured had a wide reach.

Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making, and

agriculture all had undergone changes.

For example, prior to the Industrial Revolution, textiles were primarily made of

wool and were handspun. From the first industrial revolution (mechanization

through water and steam power)

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Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally
changed and transfer the world around us into modern society.

 The steam engine,

 The age of science and mass production, and
 The rise of digital technology
 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine
learning.
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 The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial
Revolution
 Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The
Diesel Engine, The Airplane.
 Communication: The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable.
The Phonograph. The Telephone.
 Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric
Lights.
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 Historical Background

The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before
spreading to the rest of Europe.
The first European countries to be industrialized after England were
Belgium, France, and the German states. The final cause of the
Industrial Revolution was the effects created by the Agricultural
Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century due in part
to an increase in food production, which was the key outcome of the
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The four types of industries are:
 The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
 The secondary industry involves manufacturing.
e.g. making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service
e.g. teaching and nursing.
 The quaternary industry involves research and development
industries
e.g. IT.
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 first Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a transition to new

manufacturing processes. IR was first coined in the 1760s, during
the time where this revolution began.
The transitions in the first IR included going from hand production
methods to machines, the increasing use of steam power,
The development of machine tools and the rise of the factory
system.
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steam engine

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 Second Industrial Revolution

The Second IR, also known as the Technological Revolution, began

somewhere in the 1870s. The advancements in Second IR
included the development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of pre-existing
technological systems such as telegraph and railroad networks.
This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas,
enhancing communication. Moreover, new technological systems
were introduced, such as electrical power and telephones. 14
Electricity transmission line
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 Third Industrial Revolution
Third IR introduced the transition from mechanical and analog
electronic technology to digital electronics which began from
the late 1950s.
Due to the shift towards digitalization, Third IR was given the
nickname, “Digital Revolution”. The core factor of this
revolution is the mass production and widespread use of
digital logic circuits and its derived technologies such as the
computer, hand phones and the Internet.
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High Tech Electronics
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution

In Fourth Industrial Revolution various technologies such as robotics,

Internet of Things additive manufacturing and autonomous vehicles,
Fourth Industrial Revolution was coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder
and executive chairman of World Economic Forum, in the year
2016.
The technologies mentioned above are what you call cyber-physical
system.
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A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or
monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with
the Internet and its users.
E.g 1. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
These machines are operated by giving it instructions using a
computer.
E.g 2. Artificial Intelligence
AI is also one of the main elements that give life to Autonomous
Vehicles and Automated Robots. 19
Anybody Connected device (ABCD)

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 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies

Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since we

are living in the age of big data, and drives or even
determines the future of science, technology, the economy,
and possibly everything in our world today and tomorrow.
Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz but
more importantly, presents enormous challenges that in
turn bring incredible innovation and economic opportunities.
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)
Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate field programmable
logic devices (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) and
programmable logic devices (PLD).
In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:
memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks.
Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a spreadsheet
or database.
Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks
such as running a word processing program or video game. 22
 Continue……………

Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to-device

interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display, timing
and control operations, and almost every other function a system must
perform.

The network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network

devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow
the sharing of data. An excellent example of a network is the Internet,
which connects millions of people all over the world. 23
programmable device
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Why is a computer referred to as a programmable
device?

Because what makes a computer a computer is that it follows a

set of instructions. Many electronic devices are computers that
perform only one operation, but they are still following
instructions that reside permanently in the unit.

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 List of some Programmable devices
 Achronix Speedster SPD60
 Actel’s
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip
(PSoC) family
 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
 Silicon Blue Technologies
 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
 Xmos Semiconductor L series 26
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit
(DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers
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 Human to Machine Interaction
Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the communication
and interaction between a human and a machine via a user
interface.
What is interaction in human-computer interaction?
HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people
interact with computers and to what extent computers are or
are not developed for successful interaction with human
beings.
HCI consists of three parts: the user, the computer itself, and
the ways they work together. 28
How do users interact with computers?
The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and
output such as displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface. The
user interacts with the computer over this software interface using the
given input and output (I/O) hardware.

How important is human-computer interaction?

The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and
computers by making computers more user-friendly and receptive to
the user's needs. The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of
deployment & operations and cost savings for smaller set-ups. They
also reduce solution design time and integration complexity.
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 Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI)
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing,
performance prediction, cooperative working, and capabilities.
 Computer science: Including graphics, technology,
prototyping tools, user interface management systems.
 Linguistics.
 Engineering and design.
 Artificial intelligence.
 Human factors.

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 Emerging technology trends in 2021

 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
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THANKS For
Ur
ATTENTION

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