WILMS
TUMOR
Group 2
Caldona, Jolibee
Canteras, Charlyn
Caraig, Sydney Bruen
Ciudad, Maria Jessica F.
Contreras, Angelica
What is Wilms Tumor?
• Wilms' tumor is a malignant renal tumor and is the
most common renal neoplasm in children.
• It constitutes approximately 6% of all childhood
tumors.
• Wilms' tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, It is
named after Max Wilms, the German surgeon (1867-
1918) who first described it.
Classifications
There are two kinds of Wilms tumors, divided by
how the cells look under a microscope
1. Favorable histology. More than 9 out of 10 Wilms
tumors fall into this group.
2. Unfavorable or anaplastic histology.
Stages of Wilms Tumor
Stage I: The tumor is confined to the kidney and can be completely surgically
removed.
Stage II: The tumor extends beyond the kidney but is still completely removable by
surgery.
Stage III: The tumor involves nearby structures or extends into blood vessels,
making complete removal more challenging.
Stage IV: The cancer has spread to distant organs or lymph nodes outside the
abdomen.
Stage V: Both kidneys are affected at the time of diagnosis.
Clinical Presentation
• Abdominal Mass
• Abdominal pain
• Anorexia
• Hematuria
• Nausea and Vomiting
Signs and Symptoms
• Abdominal swelling
• Fever
• Abdominal pain
• Constipation
• Hypertension
• Anemia
• Fatigue
• Hematuria
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
Statistics and Incidence Rate
• Incidence is 7.6 cases per million for
children younger than age 15.
• Seventy-five percent of cases occur
before the child is age 5.
• Most commonly a unilateral disease,
but in 5% to 10%, both kidneys are
involved
Complications
Possible Complications
• Spread of the tumor
• High blood pressure
• Kidney dysfunction
Other possible complications of the long-term
treatment of WT may include:
• Heart failure
Management
Surgery
Treatment for Wilms tumor may begin with surgery to remove all
or part of a kidney. Surgery also confirms the diagnosis. The tissue
removed during surgery is sent to a lab to learn whether it's
cancerous and what type of cancer is in the tumor.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells
throughout the body. Treatment for Wilms tumor usually involves
using more than one medicine to kill cancer cells. The medicine is
given through a vein.
Management
• Radiation therapy
- Some children might have radiation therapy. Radiation
therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer
cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons and other
sources.
Nursing Management
1. Assess the child's symptoms, which may include abdominal
swelling, pain, blood in the urine, fever, and high blood
pressure.
2. Provide education and emotional support to the child and their
family about Wilms tumor, its treatment options, and potential
side effects
Nursing Management
3. Work closely with the multidisciplinary healthcare team,
including oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and social workers, to
develop a comprehensive care plan tailored to the child's needs.
4. Before surgery, ensure that the child and family are well-prepared
by explaining what to expect before, during, and after the
procedure. You may also assist with administering preoperative
medications and addressing any concerns.
Nursing Management
CONT...
5. After surgery, monitor the child closely for complications
such as bleeding, infection, and pain. Provide wound care,
manage pain effectively, and promote early mobilization and
recovery.
6. After chemotherapy, provide supportive care to minimize
side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and immunosuppression.
Nursing Management
CONT...
7. Address the emotional and psychosocial needs of the child
and their family throughout the treatment process. Offer
counseling, facilitate support groups, and connect families with
resources for coping and resilience.
8. Monitor the child's progress closely during and after
treatment, conducting regular assessments, laboratory tests, and
imaging studies to evaluate response to therapy and detect any
signs of recurrence.
Nursing Diagnosis
•Ineffective protection related to antineoplastic agents,
radiation therapy, or leukopenia.
•Impaired oral mucous membrane related to chemotherapy.
•Anxiety related to the change in health status and the threat
of death.
•Risk for injury related to side effects of medications and
complications.
•Acute pain related to tumor growth and surgical intervention.
Nursing Diagnosis
CONT...
•Impaired physical mobility related to surgical
intervention.
•Risk for infection related to compromised immune
function
•Disturbed body image related to surgical intervention
and visible scars
Nursing Diagnosis
CONT...
•Risk for altered growth and development related to
treatment side effects
•Risk for impaired parenting related to stress and coping
with the child's illness.
THANK
YOU!
