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Res2ncm115 Part 1 Jan 2024

The research process involves 5 phases: 1. The conceptual phase involves formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing a theoretical framework, and forming hypotheses. 2. The planning and design phase involves selecting a research design which can be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. 3. The empirical phase is when data is collected using methods like questionnaires. 4. In the analytic phase, quantitative and qualitative data are analyzed using statistical tools or coding and results are interpreted. 5. Finally, in the dissemination phase, findings are organized and presented in a research report.

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22 views15 pages

Res2ncm115 Part 1 Jan 2024

The research process involves 5 phases: 1. The conceptual phase involves formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing a theoretical framework, and forming hypotheses. 2. The planning and design phase involves selecting a research design which can be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. 3. The empirical phase is when data is collected using methods like questionnaires. 4. In the analytic phase, quantitative and qualitative data are analyzed using statistical tools or coding and results are interpreted. 5. Finally, in the dissemination phase, findings are organized and presented in a research report.

Uploaded by

Amber Mae L. Deocampo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Polit and Beck (2004) describe 5 phases of the research

process:
- .

.
Instructor
Phase1 Conceptual phase
- Initial phase of research

[Link] the problem


[Link] the Related Literature
[Link] Clinical fieldwork-spending time in the clinical setting w/ health
care administrators and observing current policies
[Link] the framework & developing conceptual definitions
(theoretical and Conceptual Framework,Scope and Limitation)
5. Formulating the hypotheses ( predictions of expected outcomes)
Phase 2
Planning and Design Phase

 Selecting a Research design


Quantitative Research or Qualitative Research / Mixed
Mixed Methods

Mixed methods research design-


is a procedure for collecting, analyzing and “mixing” both quantitative
and qualitative research and methods in a single study,
6 Types of Qualitative
1. Phenomenological - Perception of a
phenomenon
2. Ethnographic - Cultural behavior
[Link] Theory –study of social
processes
4. Case Study -investigation of individual
family , grp or institution on how they
behave
[Link] - related to past events

[Link] Analysis – focuses on story to


determine how individuals make sense of
events in their lives
 Phase 3 -Empirical Phase

 Data collection
instrument must be valid ( face and content validity
 Methods of data collection
questionnaire ( open ended or unstructured or

close ended / structured)


 Questionnaire for respondents should be
accompanied by a cover letter
 Preparing the data for analysis
 Phase 4 -Analytic Phase

 Analyzing Quantitative data - using statistical tools


 Analyzing Qualitative data : transcribing, categorization &
coding
 Interpreting the results- explain the findings

Methods of presenting the Data :


a. Textual- small sets of data
b. Tabular- bulky numeric info, data presented in columns
and rows
c. Graphical –use graphs or charts
 Analytic Phase
Data gathered in the empirical
phase are subjected to
analysis and interpretation
 Analyzing the data to answer
research questions and test
hypothesis
 Phase 5
Dissemination

 Communicating the findings


research findings are to be organized and
presented formally in a research report for
sharing with others
Probability sampling refers to the selection of a sample from a population (Random)
Non-probability sampling - selecting from a population using a non-random method.

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