Automatic Transmission Fluids

08-27-03 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT100-001

 Automatic Transmission Fluids
Agenda

• Function and Formulation of ATF

• AT Market Drivers
• AT Designs
• North American OEM Updates
• Summary

08-12-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation ATTemp-009

 Mechanics
Automatic Transmission Technology

or torque converter

Driveline image courtesy of [Link]

10-30-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT101-041

 Mechanics
Automatic Transmission Technology
Automatic Transmission Components and How they Work
Torque Converter

Hydraulic System

Reproduced by kind permission of ZF Friedrichshafen AG

02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT101-042

 Function of ATF
ATF Performance

-ANTI-SHUDDER
-OXIDATIVE STABILITY
-COMPONENT COMPATIBILITY

10-30-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT102-003

 Formulation of an ATF

Higher severity
No Group I base oils allowed!
Base Fluid Group II, II+ and III base oils
Predominately Group II+ & III

Shear stability
VM
Next generation performance
Performance Shudder resistant
Additive
05-21-07 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT103-014
 Formulation of an ATF
Typical Automatic Transmission Fluid
Component % Volume Trend

Additive package
Friction modifiers Friction Durability/ Shudder Resistance
Oxidation inhibitors Sludge Resistance
Detergents/dispersants Oxidation Resistance/Friction
10-12 %
Corrosion inhibitors Shudder Resistance
Anti-wear Decreased Gear Wear
Seal swell agents Better Seal Compatibility
Anti-foam
Viscosity modifier 3–8% Very Shear Stable

Base oil 80 – 90% Group II & III base oils; Better Low Temp

Red dye 250 PPM Red Dye

08-12-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT103-002

 Formulation of an ATF
Lubrizol Friction Modifier Systems
Type Low Static Friction High Static Friction
(Traditional) (LZ Generation III)

Properties: Low static μ Higher surface saturation

More thermally stable

Advantages: Controls green friction Friction durability

Excellent anti-shudder
Excellent torque capacity

Simplistic Structure:

Two-tail structure saturates surface; leads to higher static friction

02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT103-016

 Formulation of an ATF
Dialing in the Correct Friction Performance
High Static
High Static Durability
Friction 4 FM
FM 5
Medium Static
Anti-shudder Friction & Stability

FM
HIGH µ
FM 2

Durability

6
ent
FM

terg
Low Static
Durability LOW µ Friction
3

De
Stability

FM 1 1
Low Static & Torque
Converter Shudder A FM Running in &
Shift Quality
Mixtures of high μ and low μ are customized for a variety of friction materials.
02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation
 ATF Market Trends

02-28-03 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116--001

 Market Trends of ATF
Market Drivers

• Fuel economy
• Transmission requirements becoming
more demanding
− Increased driver comfort & reliability
• Reduced maintenance costs
− Fill for life fluids

05-21-07 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-042

 Market Trends of ATF
CAFE Cost to OEM
• Heightened pressure to increase light-
duty CAFE
− CAFE is sales –weighted average
fuel economy rating
− 27.5 mpg for passenger car *
− 22.2 mpg for light duty trucks *

• Each 0.1 mpg over CAFE limit carries

$5.50 fine per vehicle
1.0 mpg…..$55 per vehicle *
* [Link]

08-12-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-043

 Market Trends of ATF
Fuel Economy Contribution of AT

• Design a more efficient transmission

− Lighter
− More aggressive lock-up (ECCC)
− Utilize a lower viscosity fluid
• Operates at its most efficient gear ratios
− 6 & 7 Speed transmission
− CVT or IVT
− AMT
− DCT

10-30-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-044

 Market Trends of ATF
Low Viscosity Fluids

• Typical ATF
− 7.0 – 7.5 cSt @ 100° C
• Low viscosity ATF
− 5.5 – 6.0 cSt @ 100° C
• Theoretical Gain = 0.1 mpg
• Small change for driver, but significant for CAFE

08-12-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-045

 Automatic Transmission Fluids
Two Main Product Types
Standard Viscosity (>6.8 cSt) Low Viscosity (5.5 – 6.5 cSt)
− Chrysler ATF+4 − MB NAG-2
− Ford Mercon V − Ford Mercon SP
− Toyota T-IV − Ford LV
− Honda Z-1 − GM Dexron-VI
− Nissan Matic-J − Toyota WS

05-21-07 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation ATTemp-017

 Market Trends of ATF
Automatic Transmission Designs are Changing
Market Driver – Reduced Emissions and Improved Fuel Economy

1948 - Present Mid 1990’s 2002 2004

Conventional or Belt Drive 6-Speed Dual Clutch
Stepped Continuously Variable Conventional Transmission
Transmission
(AT) Transmission Automatic (DCT)
(CVT) Transmission (AT)
• Conventional Stepped Automatics
− Lock-up AT
− More available speeds (6 & 7 Speed)
• Continuously Variable Transmissions
• Automated Manuals
− Dual Clutch

09-28-05 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-020

 Market Trends of ATF
Transmission Designs Efficiencies

100

95 Improving Fuel Economy

% Efficiency

90

85

80

75
AI-May 2002
AEI-May 2002

04-08-05 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-030

 Driveline Hardware, Fluid and Market Driver
Overview
Overview of Driveline Components
Estimated Global Market Share (%) for Transmission Types
Transmission
2005 2010 2015 Geographic Region
Type
Europe, China,
MT 50 47 43
India
North America
AT 46 41 37
Japan and Korea

CVT <1 6 7 Asia Pacific

DCT <1 4 10 Europe

AMT 2 2 3 Europe

02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-060

 Formulation of an ATF
Unique Automatic Transmission Fluid
Component ATF CVT (versus ATF) DCT (versus ATF)
Friction modifiers Paper on Steel-on-steel (Paper on Paper on steel but very strong
steel steel) anti-shudder performance for
wet start clutch

EP/AW similar to MTF

Anti-wear EP/AW similar to MTF (synchronizers, more bearings
than ATF)
Oxidation inhibitors
Detergent/dispersants Similar to ATF
Corrosion inhibitors
Seal swell agents

Anti-foam
Need improved anti-foam
Viscosity modifier Very high shear stability More shear stable than ATF

Red dye Not included in CVTF Not usually included in DCTF

02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT103-002

 ATF Specification Update
SF and OEM FF

02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation ATTemp-027

 Automatic Transmission Fluids
Specification Timeline
2004
Upgraded MERCON & MERCON-
1992 V
Revised Released MERCON-SP
Ford MERCON
2005
1987 1995 MERCON-C
Type A/B Type F/G MERCON MERCON-V
2007
MERCON LV
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

1990 1997 2005

1967 DEXRON-IIE DEXRON DEXRON-VI
DEXRON
-IIIG
1957
TASA 1973 1993
DEXRON-IID DEXRON-IIIF
2003
1995 DEXRON-IIIH
General Motors DEXRON-IV
(never formally released)
10-30-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation ATTemp-028
 General Motors ATF Specifications

Factory Fill (FF) since 2006 Service Fill (SF)

• DEXRON VI • DEXRON VI
• Low viscosity fluid (6.0 cSt)
• Improved low temp • Obsolete SF Specs
performance, shear, and − Dex II (sold in Europe and Latin
friction stability America)
− Dex IIIG (Dec 2006)
− Dex IIIH (Dec 2007)

08-13-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT110-053

 Ford Motor ATF Specifications

Factory Fill (FF) since 2007 Service Fill (SF)

• MERCON LV • MERCON LV (FWD)
− Low viscosity fluid (6.0 cSt) • MERCON V
− Improved low temp − Each additive supplier
performance, shear and allowed single DI
friction stability − Lubrizol 9680 series
• MERCON SP
− RWD 5 and 6 speed

• Obsolete SF Specs
− MERCON (July 1, 2007)

02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT112-038

 Chrysler ATF Specifications

Factory Fill (FF) since 2003 Service Fill (SF)

• ATF+4 • MOPAR ATF+4
− Lubrizol 3300A
− All major oil marketers

• Certification through
program testing

• Obsolete SF specs
− ATF+3 (2006)
10-30-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT115-022
 Asia-Pacific OEM Highlights
Toyota Hyundai
ATF: T-IV (4/5 speed ATs, 7 cSt) ATF: SP-III (7 cSt)
WS (6 speed ATs, 5.5 cSt) CVTF: coming
CVTF: TC
Mistubishi
Honda ATF: SP-III (7 cSt)
ATF: Z-1 (7 cSt) CVTF: SP-III
CVTF: HMMF

Nissan
ATF: Matic J (7 cSt)
CVTF: NS-2
DCTF: new

08-13-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT122-033

 European OEM Highlights
Volkswagen-Audi Group (VAG)
ATF: LT71141 (5-speed ZF, 7 cSt)
1375.4 (6-speed ZF, 6.5 cSt)
DCTF: Direct Shift Gearbox (DSG)

DaimlerBenz
ATF: NAG-2 V-sport (6.5 cSt)

BMW
ATF: 1375.4 (6-speed ZF, 6.5 cSt)
DCTF: Getrag transmission

08-13-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT122-034

 Lubrizol SF ATFs
ZF/
Old Ccurrent
Dex IID Dex III Mercon Voith JASO
Merc V Merc V
/MAN
Zone 1
9636G  
9678   
9680   
9684   

Zone 2
7907   
9679   

Zone 4
1067   
9636G  
9678   
02-10-09 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT124-047
 Market Trends of ATF
Summary of Global ATF Trends
• Improved fuel economy and reduced emissions are driving
transmissions trends toward higher efficiency transmission
options
− Asia Pacific region: CVT
− Europe: AMT/DCT
− North America: 6-Speed AT
• The most recent transmission requirements suggest that
specialized fluids will be required in the future
− Lower viscosity, higher shear stability, and improved
anti-wear performance
− Better low temperature properties
− Increased oxidation performance
− Extended anti-shudder durability

08-12-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-053

 Market Trends of ATF
Summary of Global ATF Trends
• Transmission applications are changing with consumer demand
• Expect the proliferation of ATFs to continue well into the future
as fluids are tailored to the specific transmission design to
enable maximum gains in system performance
• Many OEM’s moving toward “genuine fluid” approach
• Oil marketers looking for simplified product lines to meet a
range of AT applications. Lubrizol will provide our customers
with a range of products to meet their increasingly rigorous
requirements.

08-12-08 © 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation AT116-057

© 2009 The Lubrizol Corporation