Final Year Project

Presentation On

A Case Study On
Air Quality Index
Of Muzaffarpur

MUZAFFARPUR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, MUZAFFARPUR
PRESENTED BY :
RAJU KUMAR (18C40) Go Green
RAHUL KUMAR (18C37)
SUMIT SHEKHAR (18C54)
To
PRITAM RAJ (18C34) Breathe
RITIKA (18C42)
Clean

GUIDED BY (PROJECT
ADVISOR): Dr. SURESH
KUMAR
 CONTENTS :
• INTRODUCION
• OBJECTIVE
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• METHODOLOGY
• LIMITATION
• REFERENCES

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 INTRODUCTION

• The Air Quality Index(AQI) is an index for reporting air

quality on daily basis. It is measure of how air pollution
affects ones health within a short time period. The purpose
of AQI is to help people know how the local air quality
impacts their health.
• According to the Environmental protection agency(EPA), the
major air pollutants concerning to Air Quality Index( AQI )
are as follows :-
a) Ground level ozone
b) Particulate matter (PM 2.5 & PM 10)
c) Carbon monoxide
d) Sulphur dioxide
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e) Nitrogen dioxide.
Some Pictures Related To AQI

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 NEEDS :

• The major problem of today’s world is increasing pollution

day by day with the progress of society and industrialization.
it adversely affects the health of living beings.

• A 2013 assessment by WHO International agency for

research for cancer (IARC) concluded that particulate matter
of diameter <= PM 2.5 are the component of air, most
probably associated with increased cancer incidences,
especially lung cancer.

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• In 2019, 99% of the world population were living in places
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where the WHO air quality guidelines level were not met.
 NEEDS :
• Recent report released jointly by UK based non profit clean air fund , management for Dalberg advisors and the
confederation of Indian industry (CII) has indicated losses of up to 7 lakh crores INR annually. This amount is
40% of the total cost of tackling covid 19 pandemic and approx. 3% of Indian GDP.

• In east India, Muzaffarpur is one of the prominent cities in Bihar which has seen rapid urbanization and
industrialization. One of the major sources of air pollution is vehicular emissions followed by road dust, domestic
sources, manufacturing industries, brick kilns and unprotected construction activities.
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PURPOSE OF CHOOSING MUZAFFARPUR :

• Rapid urbanization and industrialization.

• No previous report has been published on AQI of Muzaffarpur.
• Instead of better climatic condition, AQI is always poor.
• It comes under non-attainment city.
• Besides, Geographical factors are also responsible for worsening air quality of
Muzaffarpur. It is situated near the Gangetic plane where alluvial soil is in
abundance. During winters, the climatic inversion causes soil particles to rise,
contributing to air pollution.
• The major sources of air pollution in Muzaffarpur is vehicular emission followed
by road dust, domestic sources, manufacturing industry, brick kilns and
uncovered construction activities.
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 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
AIMS TO ACHIEVE :
1. To serve information about environmental conditions, overall status of air quality
through a summation parameters to public.
2. To identify and examine the inadequacy of the systems and facilites available at
Muzaffarpur monitoring stations.
3. Comparing air quality conditions at different locations in Muzaffarpur.
4. To raise awareness about the probable health impacts of air pollution exposure
through analytical methods.
5. Comparison of data's yearly, seasonally and monthly of last 3 years and variation
in air quality due to Covid 19 and the reasons why this drastically change
happened.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

SI No. Authors Problems Conclusion

Bhavana A Comparative Study on  The AQI values evaluated using three different
1. Hemavani (2020) Seasonal Variations of Air methods viz., CPCB, PI and Tiwari & Ali, for
Quality Index (AQI) in the study area are found to be in the rating of
Sanathnagar area of moderate to poor in all the seasons.
Hyderabad City, India
 The regression analysis of AQI values has
shown that the evaluation by CPCB method
proves to be yielding better results when
compared with others.

Sai Reddy1, Air Quality Index – A  In this research, the day-to-day AQI values were
2. Pragya Verma2, Study to Assess the Air calculated for three years straight. In addition to
Mithilesh Quality this, the correlation coefficient of each pollutant
Waghulade3(Feb was computed.
2020)  This gave a valuable insight into the quality of
air and the challenges that we are facing in a bid
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SI No. Authors Problems Conclusion
Kaijie Xu1, Air Quality Index,  In this study, the proportions of the six AQI classes for
3. Kangping Cui 1, Indicatory Air Pollutants the three cities in the spring. The AQI levels in the
Li-Hao Young2, And Impact Of three cities in different seasons were in order as
Ya-Fen Wang3, COVID-19 Event On follows: winter > spring > fall > summer, which
Yen-Kung Hsieh The Air Quality near indicated that the air quality in summer was much
4, Shun Wan1, Central China. better than that in winter.
Jiajia Zhang1  This shows that during the epidemic control period, the
(May 2020) air quality near central China improved significantly.
 O3 occurred most in the summer. This is because the
higher temperature and stronger solar radiation in
summer are more conducive to the production and
accumulation of O3.

Amit Kumar Effect of Lockdown - This study covers a wide spatial coverage in ambient air
4. Mishra 1, Amid COVID-19 on quality assessment from north to south in the Indian
Prashant Rajput Ambient Air Quality in subcontinent
2 16 Indian Cities. - This study urges that by adopting cleaner fuel technology
and avoiding poor combustion activities (e.g., crude open
biomass burning) in the urban agglomerations and rural
areas within India, the ambient air pollution could be
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usual levels.
SI No. Authors Problems Conclusion
Rajyalakshmi A Review of Air Quality  Most of the PM studies in the country are either
5. Garga,Shovan Modeling Studies in on PM2.5 or PM10; thus, more studies are
Kumar India: Local and required to identify sources and contributions of
Sahu & Sri
Harsha Kota
Regional Scale size resolved PM.
 Very few local and regional studies are carried
out in central India. Moreover, owing to higher
concentrations in Indo Gangetic plain, more
studies are concentrated in northern India.
Thuan-Quoc A novel method to  they have developed a simple and concise
6. Thac, construct an air quality method to construct an air quality index that
HildaTsang, index based on air accounts for multiple pollutants to quantify air
PeihuaCao pollution profiles. quality conditions for Hong Kong. Further
& developments are needed in order to support the
Lai-MingHo extension of the method to other settings.
S.D. Kumar, Seasonal variation of  From the current study it has been revealed that
7. A. Dash air quality index and the level of pollution in the study area has been
assessment increased year after year.
 AQI value found satisfactory to moderately
polluted due to higher concentration of pollutants
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as a resultant of developmental and 12

transportation activities in the study area.

 METHODOLOGY
 The Sub-indices for individual pollutants at a monitoring location are calculated
using its 24-hourly average concentration value (8-hourly in case of CO and O3) and
health breakpoint concentration range. The worst sub-index is the AQI for that
location.
 All the eight pollutants may not be monitored at all the locations. Overall AQI is
calculated only if data are available for minimum three pollutants out of which one
should necessarily be either PM2.5 or PM10. Else, data are considered insufficient
for calculating AQI.
 The sub-indices for monitored pollutants are calculated and disseminated, even if
data are inadequate for determining AQI. The Individual pollutant-wise sub-index
will provide air quality status for that pollutant.
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 The web-based system is designed to provide AQI on real time basis. It is an
automated system that captures data from continuous monitoring stations without
human intervention, and displays AQI based on running average values (e.g. AQI at
6 AM on a day will incorporate data from 6am on previous day to the current day).

For manual monitoring stations, an AQI calculator is developed wherein data can be
fed manually to get AQI value.

- AQI is representing the cumulative effect of all the pollutant to show overall air
quality status in better way. The AQI of specific pollutant is derived mainly
from the physical measurement of pollutant like PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2
etc.

In this study, four different methods were shown to calculate ambient air quality
index
METHOD I:
Air quality Index (AQI) is calculated based on the arithmetic mean of the ratio of concentration of
pollutants to the standard value of that pollutant such as PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2.

AQI = ( ) * 100

Where AQI = Air Quality Index

C = the observed value of the air quality parameters pollutant
(PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2)
Cs= CPCB standard for residential Area (CPCB, 2009).

METHOD II:
In this procedure AQI is calculated by taking the geometric mean of the ratio of concentration of
pollutants to the standard value of that pollutant such as PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2. AQI was then compared
with rating scale. (Ravikumar et. al., 2014).

METHOD III:
Air Quality Index was done for combining qualitative measures with qualitative concept of the
environment. The individual air quality index here is calculated as follows:
 AQI =

Where, AQI = Air Quality Index

W = Weightage of Pollutant
C = The observed value of the air quality parameters pollutant
(PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2)
Cs = CPCB standard for residential Area (CPCB, 2009)

METHOD IV:
Air Quality Index was done based on dose response relationships of pollutants to obtain break point
concentration.(USEPA, 2006, CPCB 2014)

= [{ ( –) / ( − )}∗(− )] +

Where, = Breakpoint concentration greater or equal to given Concentration

= Breakpoint concentration smaller or equal to given Concentration
= AQI value corresponding to = AQI value correspond to

Finally, AQI=Max (Ip) (where p=1, 2, 3…n; denotes n pollutants )

 LIMITATIONS
• This Project only shows the comparative study on epidemic and non epidemic periods
and seasonal variation.

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 20XX 20XX 20XX

TABLE Category 50,000 400,000 1,600,000

SLIDE Category

Category
500,000

75
4,000,000

80
16,000,000

90

Category 5,625,000 48,000,000 216,000,000

Lorem ipsum dolor sit Category 0 0 0
amet, consectetuer
adipiscing elit. Category 5,625,000 48,000,000 216,000,000
Maecenas porttitor Category 1,687,500 9,600,000 21,600,000
congue massa. Fusce
posuere, magna sed Category 562,500 2,400,000 10,800,000
pulvinar ultricies Category 281,250 2,400,000 4,320,000

Category 7,593,750 52,800,000 187,920,000

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 CHART SLIDE
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adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa.
Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies

30% 25% 20%

Category Title Category Title Category Title

10% 10% 5%
Category Title Category Title Category Title

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 BIG IMAGE

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THANK YOU!

August Bergqvist
Phone:
678-555-0128
Email:
[email protected]
OM
REFERENCES :

1. Sai Reddy, Pragya Verma et al. "Air Quality Index – A Study to Assess the Air Quality" IRJET 7
(2020) 01-05.
2. Xu, Kaijie, et al. "Air quality index, indicatory air pollutants and impact of COVID-19 event on the
air quality near central China." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 20.6 (2020): 1204-1221.
3. Hemavani, Bhavana, and GVR Srinivasa Rao. "A Comparative Study on Seasonal Variations of Air
Quality Index (AQI) in Sanathnagar area of Hyderabad City, India." ILO 7.01 (2020).
4. Mishra, Amit Kumar, et al. "Effect of Lockdown Amid COVID-19 on Ambient Air Quality in 16
Indian Cities." Frontiers in Sustainable Cities 3 (2021).
5. Garaga, Rajyalakshmi, Shovan Kumar Sahu, and Sri Harsha Kota. "A review of air quality modeling
studies in India: local and regional scale." Current Pollution Reports 4.2 (2018): 59-73.
6. Thach, Thuan-Quoc, et al. "A novel method to construct an air quality index based on air pollution
profiles." International journal of hygiene and environmental health 221.1 (2018): 17-26.
7. Kumar, S. D., and A. Dash. "Seasonal variation of air quality index and assessment." Global Journal
of Environmental Science and Management 4.4 (2018): 483-492.
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