• The sanitary pad in this investigation has a conventional layered design: a fluid permeable surface

(topsheet), an absorbent core, and impermeable backing with adhesive (backsheet). Product
component composition is detailed in Table 1. In brief, the topsheet is a polyethylene/polypropylene
non-woven fabric bearing an emollient finish; the core comprises a two-layer, low density, open-
celled, polyacrylate polymer foam; and the backsheet consists of an impermeable pigmented
polyethylene film with a panty-fastening adhesive. Scented versions of the pad contain a small
amount of perfume applied between the backsheet and the undersurface of the core.
Component Function Raw material composition

Topsheet Fluid permeable surface cover that is soft to the skin and allows fluid to penetrate Perforated non-woven fabric of polypropylene/polyethylene fibers

Emollient Potential comfort and skin moisturizing benefits Petrolatum based formulation

Absorbent core Absorb and capture fluids Polymeric open-celled foam

Perfume Scent Fragrance raw materials

Backsheet (printed) Moisture impermeable barrier Low density polyethylene film with pigments

Adhesive Fasten pad to the undergarment Polyaromatic/polyolefinic block copolymers, hydrocarbon resins, mineral oi
Chem behind diapers
An average diaper weighs between 1.4 and 1.8 ounces and is primarily made
of cellulose, polypropylene, polyethylene and a super absorbent polymer
• Diapers are made of cloth or synthetic disposable materials. Cloth diapers are
composed of layers of fabric such as cotton, hemp, bamboo, microfiber, or even
plastic fibers such as PLA or PU, and can be washed and reused multiple times.
Disposable diapers contain absorbent chemicals and are thrown away after use.
• An average diaper weighs between 1.4 and 1.8 ounces and is primarily made
of cellulose, polypropylene, polyethylene and a super absorbent polymer, as well
as minor amounts of tapes, elastics and adhesive materials.
• What material are diapers made of?
• The disposable diapers are made of a variety of components comprising wood
pulp, plastics (including the SAPs now present in most diapers), tissue paper, or
polyester nonwoven fabric, nonpermeable film made, e.g., of polyethylene or
polypropylene, adhesive, or hook tapes, etc.
• Cellulose- it typically consists of a blend of cellulose fluff pulp and polyacrylate
granules. The cellulose portion quickly absorbs and transfers urine to the
polyacrylate superabsorbent material, where it is trapped. This keeps the baby's
skin dry, even if he or she sits on a full diaper.
• Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used
in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization
from the monomer propylene. Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene,
is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced
via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.
• polyethylene is your basic plastic, so the outer layer of most disposable
diapers is made with either a plastic film or a composite of plastic and
nonwoven material.
• The secret, water-absorbing chemical in a diaper is a superabsorbent
polymer called sodium polyacrylate.
Sodium polyacrylate is an anionic polyelectrolyte with negatively charged
carboxylic groups in the main chain. It is a chemical polymer made up of
chains of acrylate compounds. It contains sodium, which gives it the ability
to absorb large amounts of water sodium polycrystate
VOCs — methylene chloride,
toluene, and xylene—and four
types of phthalates.
• some of these plastic materials release volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and endocrine-disrupting chemicals [[4], [5], [6]], potentially posing risks to
women and children who use them [[7], [8], [9]]. In particular, since VOCs
and phthalates are absorbed through the skin [2,[10], [11], [12], [13]], it is
necessary to understand whether household products such as sanitary pads
and diapers that contact the skin contain these chemicals
• Sanitary pads and diapers are made of synthetic plastic materials that can
potentially be released while being used. This study measured the amounts
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (methylene chloride, toluene, and
xylene) and phthalates (DBP, DEHP, DEP, and BBP) contained in sanitary
pads and diapers
What are VOC volatile organic components?
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) means any compound of carbon, excluding
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates
and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical
reactions
• Voc- Common examples of VOCs that may be present in our daily
lives are: benzene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, methylene chloride,
tetrachloroethylene, toluene, xylene, and 1,3-butadiene.
• methylene chloride - Dichloromethane is an organochlorine
compound with the formula CH₂Cl₂. This colorless, volatile
liquid with a chloroform-like, sweet odor is widely used as a
solvent.
• Toluene methyline chloride xylene