GPRS Call Flow

GPRS Call Flow
Lan Hai
R-2002-12
Motorola Confidential Proprietary

A printed version of this document is an uncontrolled copy
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other
product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Call Flow
GPRS Attach
Authentication
Register
Create MM context

GPRS Attach Procedure
MSC VLR
HLR
PCU SGSN
1.4.GPRS
AttachAttach
Accept 3. Update2.Location to SGSN and VLR
Authenticate

GPRS Attach Signaling Flow

Attach Flow in CF Log
MsgsignalName = AttachRequest IMSI: undefined TLLI: 80004008 CI: 460 01 5912 1 18840
Attach Request received from MS: TLLI: 80004008 IMSI: undefined
Identity Request sent to MS: TLLI: 80004008 IMSI: undefined
MsgSignalName = IdentityRequest IMSI: undefined TLLI: 80004008 CI: 460 01 5912 1 18840
MsgSignalName = IdentityResponse IMSI: undefined TLLI: 80004008 CI: 460 01 5912 1 18840
Identity Response received from MS: TLLI: 80004008 IMSI: undefined
Update GPRS Location Request sent to SF: IMSI: 460 01 1730074099 HLR ISDNNumber
ISDNNumber:: 4 6
460011730074099 User TransactionNumber
TransactionNumber:: 30 SF
TransactionNumber:: undefined
TransactionNumber
MsgSignalName = UpdateGPRSLocationRequest UserTransactionNumber:: undefined
UserTransactionNumber SFTransactionNumber::
SFTransactionNumber
undefined SGSNISDNNumber:: 4 6 460011730074099 HLRISDNNumber
SGSNISDNNumber HLRISDNNumber:: 4 6
460011730074099
MsgSignalName = InsertSubscriberDataRequest UserTransactionNumber::
UserTransactionNumber 12 SFTransactionNumber::
SFTransactionNumber
12 SGSNISDNNumber:: 4 6 460011730074099 HLRISDNNumber
460011730074099
Insert Subscriber Data Request received from SF: HLR ISDNNumber
ISDNNumber:: 4 6 460011730074099 User
TransactionNumber::
TransactionNumber 30 SF TransactionNumber
TransactionNumber:: 12
Insert Subscriber Data Ack sent to SF: HLR ISDNNumber
ISDNNumber:: 4 6 460011730074099 User TransactionNumber
TransactionNumber::
30 SF TransactionNumber
TransactionNumber:: 12
MsgSignalName = InsertSubscriberDataAck UserTransactionNumber
UserTransactionNumber:: 12 SFTransactionNumber::
SFTransactionNumber 12
SGSNISDNNumber:: 4 6 460011730074099 HLRISDNNumber
460011730074099
MsgSignalName = UpdateGPRSLocationAck UserTransactionNumber
UserTransactionNumber:: undefined SFTransactionNumber:: undefined
SFTransactionNumber
SGSNISDNNumber:: 4 6 460011730074099 HLRISDNNumber
460011730074099
Update GPRS Location Ack received from SF: HLR ISDNNumber
ISDNNumber:: 1 1 44455666666666 User
TransactionNumber::
TransactionNumber 30 SF TransactionNumber
TransactionNumber:: undefined
MsgSignalName = gmmCreateGMMCtx
gmmCreateGMMCtx_REQ_REQ TLLI: C0000000 IMSI: 460 01 1730074099
Create GMM Context.REQ received. IMSI: 460 01 1730074099 Partial P- P-TMSI: c0000000 Cell
Identifier: 460 01 5912 1 18840 Mobile Reachable Timer Value: 3600000 Ready
Timer Value: 42000 RA Capability: 03 33 82 29 09 89 28 00 DRX Parameters: 0d 03
MS state is set to READY state:
state: MS Number=0x9, sapi
sapi=1
=1
Create GMM Context.CNF sent. IMSI: 460 01 1730074099 Allocated P- P-TMSI: c0004009
Attach Accept sent to MS: TLLI: 80004008 IMSI: 460 01 1730074099 AllocatedPTMSI = (TLLI:
C0004009)
MsgSignalName = AttachAccept IMSI: 460 01 1730074099 TLLI: 80004008 CI: 460 01 5912 1 18840
MsgSignalName = AttachComplete IMSI: 460 01 1730074099 TLLI: C0004009 CI: 460 01 5912 1 18840

HLR GPRS Sub. Data

Call Flow
Activated PDP Context
APN resolve
Address Allocated
Create PDP
Charging ID

PDP Context Activation Signaling Flow
HLR
Gr DNS
Gb Gn Gi
SGSN GGSN PDN
PCU
Active PDP Context Request

APN Resolution to DNS Server
APN Resolution Result-GGSN VT Address
Create PDP Context Request
Create PDP Context Response

Assign
AssignIP
IPto
toMS
MS
Activate PDP Context Accept

PDP Activate Flow in CF Log

DNS - to find path (GGSN) to external data network
Root DNS mnc000.mcc460.gprs
DNS .zj DNS .bj
ggsn
e.f.g.h sgsn
ggsn
sgsn a.b.c.d
APN: cmnet
APN: cmnet cmnet.mnc000.mcc460.gprs
cmnet.mnc000.mcc460.gprs
cmnet
SGSN MM Context and PDP Context

SGSN MM Context and PDP Context

Call Flow
Routing Area Update
MM Context Transfer
Update PDP Context
Update Location
Cancel Location
Insert Subscriber Data

RAU Signaling Flow
I am New I am Previous
Gb Gn Gn Gr
PCU SGSN SGSN GGSN HLR
ROUTING_AREA_UPDATE_REQUEST
SGSN_CONTEXT_REQUEST
SGSN_CONTEXT_RESPONSE
UPDATE_PDP_CONTEXT_REQUEST
UPDATE_PDP_CONTEXT_RESPONSE
UPDATE_LOCATION
CANCEL_LOCATION
CANCEL_LOCATION_ACK
INSERT_SUBSCRIBER_DATA
INSERT_SUBSCRIBER_DATA_ACK
UPDATE_LOCATION_ACK
ROUTING_AREA_UPDATE_ACCEPT
ROUTING_AREA_UPDATE_COMPLETE

Call Flow
End to End Data Service

GPRS Stack and Data Flow
TID
TID
TLLI+NSAPI
TLLI+NSAPI

End to End – data transfer
Provincial DNS
GRE Tunnel
GGSN x n WAP Gateway

DHCP
10.0.0.172
ISS/CG Gi
Gn CMNET
Gi
Gn Internet
Commhub
Gn Firewall
Server
Gb MS
SGSN x n
PCU x n

Reference
 Attach/Detach Signaling Flow
 Inter-SGSN RA Update Signaling Flow
 Intra-SGSN RA Update Signaling Flow
 PDP Context Activate/De. Signaling Flow
 MS Directed Cell Reselect in Packet Idle/Transfer
 Paging for DL Packet Transfer
 UL/DL Data Transfer and TBF Release
 UL/DL TBF Allocation
 Etc.

GPRS Layer 1 Overview
Present by Lan Hai
Author : Olivier Leveque

Release: 1.0
Date : 06/04/01

GPRS briefly
 Based on GSM Air Interface
 IP protocol based network
 GPRS is an entirely new GSM service

 Targeted toward computer applications (email, Web, FTP)
 Available for data only (not for voice)
 From 9.05 to 171.4 kbit/s per user (depending on channel coding scheme)
 Air Interface concepts

 Allocation of 1 up to 8 radio interface timeslots per TDMA frame
 A MS is typically given access for only a few hundred milliseconds
(1 packet) and then another MS owns the channel
GPRS : General Packet Radio Service

TDMA : Time Division Multiple Access
MS : Mobile Station

GPRS session (example)
BSC GPRS network

137.194.201.20 BTS 137.194
GSM network
www
Internet
 Browse the web with GPRS 220.17.115.2 220.17.115.3
Local
network 220.17.115.4
220.17.115

BTS : Base Transceiver Station
GPRS architecture BSC : Base Station Controller
GMSC
MSC : Mobile
: Gateway
services
MSC Switching Centre
HLR : Home Local Register
VOICE VLR : Visitor Local Register
GSM network SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node

HLR GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node
GMSC
MSC GPRS network

VLR
IP IP
BTS MSC
SGSN GGSN
IP
BSC BSC
SGSN
BTS
BSC
localisation X.25
BTS transmission
BTS IP
BTS
BTS BTS

GPRS layers model
application
IP/X.25 IP/X.25
SNDCP SNDCP GTP GTP
Subnetwork Dependent Subnetwork Dependent
GPRS Tunnel Protocol GPRS Tunnel Protocol
Convergence Protocol Convergence Protocol
LLC LLC UDP / TCP UDP / TCP
Logical Link User Datagram Protocol User Datagram Protocol
Logical Link Control
Control Transport Control Transport Control
Protocol Protocol
RLC RLC BSSGP BSSGP
Radio Link Control Radio Link Control BSS GPRS Protocol BSS GPRS Protocol IP IP
MAC MAC FR FR
Medium Access Control
Medium Access
Frame Relay Frame Relay
L2 L2
Control
L1 RF L1 RF L1 L1 L1 L1
MS BSS (BTS + BSC) SGSN GGSN

Mobile Station Base Station Subsystem Serving GPRS Support Node Gateway GPRS
Support Node

Air interface concept
PDU : Protocol Data Unit
BCS : Block Check sequence
Network layer
Header Data
(IP, X.25)
compression
segmentation
RLC / MAC layer

RLC / MAC header RLC Data BCS RLC / MAC header RLC Data ...
Radio block
Physical layer Channel coding (CS [1..4])
Training
sequence Slot
8 stealing bits for Voice, Coding scheme differentiation
577us

Coding scheme
RLC / MAC layer RLC / MAC header RLC Data BCS

Radio block
Convolutional coding
Puncturing
456 bits
Physical layer
4 bursts
Coding scheme Code rate Radio block excl. BCS BCS Tail Coded bits Punctured bits Bit rate
CS-1 1/2 184 40 4 456 0 9.05 kbit/s
CS-2 ~ 2/3 274 16 4 588 132 13,4 kbit/s
CS-3 ~ 3/4 318 16 4 676 220 15,6 kbit/s
CS-4 1 440 16 - 456 0 21,4 kbit/s
GSM / GPRS Channels
Example : A BTS supporting 4 GSM/GPRS carriers
FCCH
SCH
GSM beacon BCCH
carrier (F0) PCH
CCCH RACH
AGCH
SDCCH
GSM F1 SACCH
TCH / FACCH
SDCCH
GSM F2 SACCH
TCH / FACCH
PDTCH
PACCH
PTCCH
GPRS F3 PDCH PBCCH
optional PPCH
PRACH
PAGCH

GPRS channels
 PDTCH : Packet Data Trafic Channel

 transmit PDU
 PACCH : Packet Associated Control Channel

 transmit acknowledgements, power monitorings, next PDTCH allocated to a MS in
transmission
 PTCCH/U : Packet Timing Control Channel Uplink

 transmit random access bursts to estimate the timing advance
 PTCCH/D : Packet Timing Control Channel Downlink

 to get updates of the timing advance from the network

GPRS control channels
Control Channels :
 PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control Channel)

 System Information (Signaling)
 PCCCH (Packet Common Control Channel)

 PPCH (Packet Paging Channel)
 PRACH (Packet Random access Channel) -> To request a PDTCH
 PAGCH (Packet Access Grant Channel) -> To get allocation of PDTCH( s)
 The GPRS control channels are not present in all the network cells. In the case they are not present,
the MS should listen to ordinary GSM BCCH & CCCH channels.
 Standby state
 PCCCH not present => 51- frame multiframe on CCCH (refer to GSM)
 PCCCH present => 52- frame multiframe
 Transfer state
 Always 52- frame multiframe

GPRS multiframe structure
Block 0 Block 1 Block 2 T Block 3 Block 4 Block 5 I Block 6 Block 7 Block 8 T Block 9 Block 10 Block 11 I
frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
T : PTCCH
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 I : Idle frame
Block [0..11] : assigned to PDTCH or PACCH
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 7 0 7 0 7
577us Time slot
4.615ms TDMA frame
52 TDMA multiframe
240 ms
 52-frames multiframe instead of 51(/26) frames multiframe for GSM.
 One Block [0..11] is assigned to only one user on the downlink and uplink paths.
 1 to 8 timeslots per TDMA frame can be used on the downlink and uplink paths depending
on the multislot class of the MS.

GPRS Timing advance
TAI :Timing Advance Index
Uplink : transmit random access bursts to estimate the timing advance
frame 0 4 8 12 17 21 26 30 34 38 43 47 51
Each MS is assigned a TAI.

x8 16 uplink PTCCH frames available
Each MS sends a short burst every 1.96s (8 52-frame multiframe period).
Downlink : get updates of the timing advance from the network
frame 0 4 8 12 17 21 26 30 34 38 43 47 51
frame 0 4 8 12 17 21 26 30 34 38 43 47 51
Block T
16 Timing Advance values every 480ms (each MS is identified by the TAI)

GPRS downlink flow
BSN : Bloc Sequence Number MAC : Medium Access Control (GPRS layer 2)
TFI : Temporary Flow Identifier RLC : Radio Link Control (GPRS Layer3)
TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17

BSN = 24 BSN = 25 BSN = 26 BSN = 27 BSN = 24 BSN = 26
S/P : polling
data data data data data
data
PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH

frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
MS (TFI = 17) PACCH PACCH
frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
TFI = 17 TFI = 17
Packet downlink Ack / Nack ACQ of BSN
25 & 27 ACQ of BSN
on PACCH NACQ of 24 & 26
BSN 24 & 26
 Each data flow on the downlink and uplink path is marked by its TFI.
 On the downlink path, each block contains in the RLC/MAC header the TFI identifying the MS for
which the radio block is destinated.
 The MS which are in the GPRS ready state should decode every Block RLC/MAC header (to decode
the TFI).

GPRS uplink flow
 uplink fixed allocation : like for GSM circuit switched.
Uplink dynamic allocation : use of USF.
On the downlink path, each block contains in the RLC/MAC header the USF identifying the MS
which is allowed to transmit in the next block on the uplink path.
The MS which are in the GPRS ready state should decode every Block RLC/MAC header (to decode
the USF).
USF = 6 USF = 6 USF = 6 USF = 6 USF = 2 USF = 0 USF = 2 USF = 6 USF = 7 USF = 0 USF = 6 USF = 6
frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
MS1 (USF = 6) PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PACCH PDTCH PRACH PACCH PDTCH
frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
MS2 (USF = 2) PDTCH PACCH PDTCH PRACH PACCH

frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47
51
USF : Uplink Status Flag
GPRS multislots configuration
frame 0 4 8 13 17 21 26 30 34 39 43 47 51
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
timeslot 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 7 0 7 0 7
1 to 8 available timeslots for a MS

 For a MS with multislots capability, flow could be increased.
 For a 4 timeslots capable MS and a CS-4 coding scheme, the flow is around 4 x 21.4 = 85.6kbit/s
Downlink path
current BTS timeslot 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7
Uplink path
current BTS timeslot 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7
Downlink path
neighbouring BTS timeslot 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7
meas.
meas.
meas.
meas.
send
receive receive receive receive

GPRS Mobility Management States (MS side)
GPRS attach
GMM Idle
Ready timer expiration

GPRS detach
GMM Ready
PDU transmission request

GMM Standby
GMM Idle : The MS is not GPRS capable

GMM Ready : The MS is localised at the BTS level
GMM Standby : The MS is localised at the SGSN level. To enable a GPRS uplink / downlink
session, the network must first page all the MSs in the routing area (BTS wired to the SGSN)
BSC SGSN
GSM network GPRS network

BTS
BTS
GPRS MS Mode of Operation
Class A
– Can be attached to both GSM and GPRS services
– In standby mode, monitor both GSM and GPRS paging channels
– Able to establish GSM and GPRS connections at the same time
– Constraints on the air interface
 Class B
– Can be attached to both GSM and GPRS services
– In standby mode, monitor both GSM and GPRS paging channels
– Single connection only (GSM or GPRS)
– During GPRS connection, monitoring of GSM paging channel is optional
 Class C
– Can be attached to one service only (GSM or GPRS)
– Must detach from one service to attach to the other one
– When in GSM mode, behave as a non-GPRS MS
– When in GPRS mode, behave as a GPRS modem

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GPRS Call Flow - v20021218

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Activated PDP Context

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Active PDP Context Request

APN Resolution Result-GGSN VT Address

Create PDP Context Request

Create PDP Context Response

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Root DNS mnc000.mcc460.gprs

DNS .zj DNS .bj

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

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Routing Area Update

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Motorola Confidential Proprietary

End to End Data Service

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

GGSN x n WAP Gateway

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Present by Lan Hai

Author : Olivier Leveque

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

 Based on GSM Air Interface

 IP protocol based network

 GPRS is an entirely new GSM service

 Air Interface concepts

GPRS : General Packet Radio Service

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

BSC GPRS network

 Browse the web with GPRS 220.17.115.2 220.17.115.3

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

GSM network SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node

MSC GPRS network

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

MS BSS (BTS + BSC) SGSN GGSN

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

RLC / MAC layer

Physical layer Channel coding (CS [1..4])

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

RLC / MAC layer RLC / MAC header RLC Data BCS

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

 PDTCH : Packet Data Trafic Channel

 PACCH : Packet Associated Control Channel

 PTCCH/U : Packet Timing Control Channel Uplink

 PTCCH/D : Packet Timing Control Channel Downlink

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

 PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control Channel)

 PCCCH (Packet Common Control Channel)

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

 52-frames multiframe instead of 51(/26) frames multiframe for GSM.

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

Uplink : transmit random access bursts to estimate the timing advance

Each MS is assigned a TAI.

Downlink : get updates of the timing advance from the network

16 Timing Advance values every 480ms (each MS is identified by the TAI)

Motorola Confidential Proprietary

TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17 TFI = 17

PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH PDTCH

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Uplink dynamic allocation : use of USF.

MS2 (USF = 2) PDTCH PACCH PDTCH PRACH PACCH

Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

1 to 8 available timeslots for a MS

receive receive receive receive

Ready timer expiration

PDU transmission request

GMM Idle : The MS is not GPRS capable