WCDMA RAN W12

Performance
Management and
Optimization
Service Retainability Optimization
Objectives of Chapter 5
After this chapter the participants will be able to:
5 Explain the Service Retainability Optimization procedure
5.1 Briefly explain Radio Network Supervision and the associated
parameters
5.2 Briefly explain WCDMA RAN handover algorithms and associated
parameters
5.3 Create Retainability KPI formulas to find the worst performing cells
5.4 Use a selection of counters to explain the reason for this poor
performance
5.5 Suggest parameter changes to improve the retainability
performance

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-2

Retainability Performance
Analysis

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-3

System Release Categories
Mobility
- Intra-Frequency Handover (Soft/Softer)
- Compressed Mode (CM)
- Inter-Frequency Handover (IFHO)
- Inter Radio Access Technology Handover (IRATHO)

Congestion Control

Coverage
- Radio Connection Supervision (RCS)
- Radio Link Control (RLC) unrecoverable error

Other
- UE problems
- Transport Network problems
- Channel Switching
- Hardware faults
- Cell downtime
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-4
WCDMA RAN Handover
Entities

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-5

Soft and Softer Handover
Evaluation
› Soft and Softer Handover is controlled through the events
1a, 1b, 1c and 1d

– >1a: A new candidate for the active set enters reporting range
– >1b: A cell in the active set leaves the reporting range
– >1c: A cell not in active set becomes stronger than a cell in the AS
– >1d: Any cell becomes better than the best cell in the active set

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-6

Measurement report

› A MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1x sent

by the UE to WCDMA RAN contains the following items:

– >Quality of the cells in the AS.

– >Quality of the cell or cells that fulfill the event 1x criteria, reported
as configured measurement quantity, that is by default Ec/No.
– >Synchronization information for the cell or cells that fulfill the event
1x criteria.
– >List of cell or cells that fulfill the event 1x criteria

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-7

Intra-Frequency Handover
Flow
RNC UE
(Monitored Set)
MEASUREMENT CONTROL message
(DCCH)
Perform
Perform
Measurement
Measurement
(Event 1a, 1b, 1c or 1d)
UE
UE Evaluation
Evaluation
MEASUREMENT REPORT message

RNC (DCCH)
RNC Evaluation
Evaluation

Radio
Radio Link
Link Addition
Addition
ACTIVE SET UPDATE
Soft/Softer New Active Set
Handover (DCCH) Radio
Radio Link
Link
Execution Add/Remove/Replace
Add/Remove/Replace
ACTIVE SET

Radio
Radio Link
Link Removal
Removal UPDATE COMPLETE

RNC
RNC Evaluation
Evaluation
MEASUREMENT CONTROL message
(DCCH)
New Monitored Set

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-8

UE Intra-Frequency
Measurements
Detected Set

Monitored Set

Active Set

TS 25.133
Detect < 30 sec

Identify < 800 msec

+ < 32
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-9
 Creation of Monitored Set
Monitored Set
1. Remove Active Set SCs 1
SC_a_1 (1) 2

2. Remove duplications SC_a_2 SC_a 3

4
SC_a_3
SC_a_4
Neighbours (2) 5
6
3. Add neighbours in priority order SC_a_5
7
SC_a_6
ManagedElement SC_a_7
Priority (3) 8
9
SC_a_…
+-RncFunction SC_a_…
10
11
+-UtranCell SC_a_19
12
SC_a_20
+-UtranRelation SC_a_21
13
14
selectionPriority = 0… SC_c_1 SC_b 15
(1 = Highest priority) SC_c_2 16 MAX 32
SC_c_3 Neighbours 17
SC_c_4 18
SC_c_5 19
Valid SC_c_6 20
SC_c_7 Priority 21
Neighbours in SC_c_… 22

Detected Set SC_c_…

SC_b_1
SC_c_19
23
24
but truncated SC_b_2 SC_c 25
SC_b_3 Neighbours 26
SC_b_4 27
SC_b_5 28
SC_b_6 (29) 29
SC_b_7 Priority
SC_b_…
SC_b_…
Active Set
SC_b_19
SC_b_20
SC_a
SC_b_21
SC_b_22
SC_b
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-10
SC_c
ReleaseConnOffset
UE not power controlled
=> excessive interference

releaseConnOffset (-3 to 25 dB default = 12 dB)

Invalid Cell
(Undefined neighbour)

Event 1a or 1c X Call Dropped

releaseConnOffset (-3 to 25 dB default = 12 dB)

Valid Cell
(Congested neighbour)

Event 1a,1c or 1d X
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-11
Call Dropped
Intra-Frequency Analysis
Counters

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-12

 Compressed Mode Service
Offsets
Ec/No=> -12 + 20 = +8 dB Example 1
CPICH RSCP or RSCP [dBm or dB]

RSCP => -100 + 20 = -80 dBm 20 dB setting

serviceOffset2dEcno
OR
serviceOffset2dRscp -24 to 0 [dB]
e2d
Default= -12 dB
0 to 14.5 [dB]
0.5 dB steps usedFreqThreshold2dEcno
Default= 0dB OR
hysteresis2d usedFreqThreshold2dRscp
2
-115 to -25 [dBm]
serviceOffset2dEcno Default= -100 dBm
OR
serviceOffset2dRscp
e2d
Example 2
Ec/No=> -12 - 20 = -32 dB -20 dB setting
RSCP => -100 - 20 = -120 dBm
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-13
Time
 Compressed Mode Success
Rate

pmCmSuccUlSf2 pmCmSuccDlSf2
= X 100 [%] = X 100 [%]
pmCmAttUlSf2 pmCmAttDlSf2
CS Services

15
compModeAdm
(0 .. 128 Default = 15)
15 15

pmCmSuccUlHls pmCmSuccDlHls
= X 100 [%] = X 100 [%]
PS Services
pmCmAttUlHls pmCmAttDlHls
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-14
Inter-Frequency Handover

Source Frequency

X
Target Frequency
X X
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-15
IFHO Dropped Call Counters
Speech RABs:
pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertCsSpeech12

CS64:
pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertCsConversational

PS Interactive > 64 kbps:

pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertPsInteractiveGreater64

PS Interactive < 64 kbps:

pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertPsInteractiveLess64

Streaming (CS and PS):

pmFailNonBlindInterFreqHoFailRevertStreamingOther
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-16
IRATHO Success Rate

RAB Type:
Cs57
GSM WCDMA Multi
Speech
Standalone

pmNoSuccessOutIratHo<RAB Type>
100 X [%]
pmNoAttOutIratHo<RAB Type>

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-17

Mobility Corrective Actions
Intra-Frequency Handover (Soft/Softer)
1. Identify and add missing neighbours
2. Increase capacity in congested cells if possible
3. Re-evaluate existing neighbour relations and priorities

Compressed Mode (CM)

1. Reduce CM attempts for PS services by setting serviceOffset2dEcno
and serviceOffset2dRscp to their lowest values. (Example 2 Figure 5-9)

Inter-Frequency Handover (IFHO)

1. Revaluate Inter-frequency relations of cells that show high drops

Inter-Radio Access Technology Handover (IRATHO)

1. Revaluate GSM Relations that show poor IRATHO success rate

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-18

Reduce Drop Call in
Soft/Sorter HO
› Dropped calls can be reduced by tuning the soft/softer HO
parameters such as
– Reporting-ranges
– Time-to-triggers
– Hysteresis
– ReleaseConnOffset

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-19

Congestion Control
Speech Drop Call [%]:
pmNoOfTermSpeechCong
100 
pmNoNormalRabReleaseSpeech  pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech

Uplink Cell Congestion Detection

Downlink Cell Congestion Detection
HSDPA Cell Congestion Detection

CS64 Drop Call [%]:

pmNoOfTermCsCong
100 
pmNoNormalRabReleaseCs64  pmNoSystemRabReleaseCs64
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-20
 UL Cell Congestion Detection
Congestion Detected 0 to 621
[-112.0 to -49.9 dBm]
Default= 621 [-49.9 dBm]
UL RTWP [dBm]

ifCong
ifHyst ifHyst
Congestion
Resolved

0 to 6000
[0 to 60000 ms]
Default=6000
Default= 6000[60000
[60000msec]
ms]
(1 minute)

Time
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-21
 DL Cell Congestion Detection
Max (100 %)
Downlink Tx Carrier Power [%]

Congestion Detected
0 to 100 %
Non-HS Tx Carrier Power Default = 5 %

pwrOffset
pwrHyst pwrHyst
Congestion
Resolved

0 to 6000
[0 to 60000 ms] pwrAdm
Default=
Default= 6000300[60000
[3000 msec]
ms]
(3 seconds) 0-100 %
Default = 75 %

Time
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-22
 HSDPA Cell Congestion
Detection (1)
GBR Services Non-GBR Services
-1 (undefined) 10 to 3000 msec schMinPowerNonGbrHsUsers
Default: -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1000,100,
-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
0 to 100 %
schMaxDelay Default: 0 %
schCongThreshGbr
MAC-d PDU HS Transmitted
0 to 500 (2 msec steps) Power
AND
Default:10 (10 msec)
schCongThresholdNonGbr
MAC-d PDU
schCongPeriodGbr
MAC-d PDU 0 to 20
2 to 100 (2 msec steps) Default: 2
Default:100 (100 msec)
Unscheduled non-guaranteed Users
‘HS-DSCH Required
schPowerDeltaCongGbr Power Value’ IE schMinPowerNonGbrHsUsers
(0 to 100 %, Default: 15%) (0 to 100 %, default: 0%)
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-23
 HSDPA Cell Congestion
Detection (2) Congestion
Detected
Downlink Tx Carrier Power [%]

Max (100%)

Congestion
maxPowerOverloadHystTime
Resolved

0 to 50 seconds
Default= 10 seconds

Non-HS Tx Carrier Power

HS-DSCH Required Power Value

Time
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-24
-
 Congestion Resolve
Handling
tmInitialG Only Guaranteed users in the cell
Downlink Tx Carrier Power [%]

0 to 500 ASE 10 to 100000 ms 0 to 500 ASE

Default = 3 ASE Default = 3000 ms Default = 1 ASE
(3 seconds)
releaseAseDlNg releaseAseDl

Congestion
tmCongActionNg tmCongAction Resolved

500 to 100000 ms 300 to 100000 ms

Default = 800 ms Default = 2000 ms
(2 seconds)
Time
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-25
Congestion Control Analysis
Counters

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-26

Cell Congestion Reason
Counter Reason
pmSumOfTimesMeasOlUl => Uplink Interference

pmSumOfTimesMeasOlDl => non-HS DL Power

pmHsdschOverloadDetection=> HSDPA

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-27

 UL Interference Corrective
Actions
• Default setting of iFCong and iFHyst will disable UL Congestion Detection

• pmAverageRssi can be used to measure UL RSSI

• iFCong could typically be set to: Thermal noise floor (eg. -107.5 dBm)
RBS noise figure (eg. 2 dB)
Noise rise due to load (eg. 4 dB)
RAN inaccuracies (eg. 2 dB)
IfCong = -99.5 dBm

• RTWP affected by introduction of EUL

(eulMaxRotCoverage, eulMaxOwnUuLoad and eulMaxShoRate parameters)

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-28

 DL Power Corrective Actions

• pwrHyst modified depending on the duration of peaks in the DL TX Power

• Cells predominately used for R99 => pwrAdm can be increased

• pwrAdm (84 %) + pwrOffset (15%) => Congestion at 99%

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-29

 HSDPA Corrective Actions

• schMinPowerNonGbrHsUsers not set too high in cells with a lot of R99

and HS GBR services to avoid unnecessary congestion control triggers

• Lower maxPowerOverloadHystTime => increased congestion triggers

• Higher schCongThreshNonGbr => reduced congestion triggers

schCongThreshGbr
schCongPeriodGbr
• No GBR services => schNoCongThreshGbr default values used
schNoCongPeriodGbr
schPowerDeltaCongGbr
and schMaxDelay
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-30
Soft Congestion Based On
Iub
Iub
bandwidth userPlaneGbrAdmBandwidthDl * (1 + userPlaneGbrAdmMarginDl / 100)

Mobility connections

Soft Congestion => preemption of lower priority users

userPlaneGbrAdmBandwidthDl

softCongThreshGbrBwDl = 80 (80 %)
Total allowed
bandwidth
for admissions

Users

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-31

Iub Soft Congestion Counters

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-32

Coverage Impact

› It is recommended to analyse coverage problems after

having solved any SOHO and missing neighbour drop
problems.
› Coverage problems are impacting all services . In general
the impact is greater on the heavier services like Packet
and Video Call (CS 64)
› Coverage problems can be detected by (RCS)

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-33

 RCS in URA_PCH and
Cell_FACH
Timer Timer cchWaitCuT
cchWaitCuT is is stopped and
started started again cchWaitCuT expires

MO Rcs: pmNoReleaseCchWaitCuT
t305 t305
••
a
No valid Cell UE context released
Update Confirm in WCDMA RAN
received

b
Cell Update and “Out of service UE context released in
Confirm area” detected WCDMA RAN
Switch from Cell_DCH to
Cell_FACH

c
UE context released in
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-34
WCDMA RAN
RCS in Cell_DCH
SRNC
DRNC

RCS Evaluation
Radio Link Failure
Or
Radio Link Restore RBS
RBS
RLS Supervision
RLS Supervision
L1 Measurements
L1 Measurements

RLS
RLS
UE
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-35
Radio Links and Radio Link
Sets
RL 1

RL 1 RLS

RBS
RNC
RL 2

RL 3
RL 2
RLS
RL 3

RBS
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-36
RLS Supervision States
Start

State
”Out-of-sync”

Trigger: rlfailureT times out

State
”Wait”
Trigger: RLS synchronized

Trigger: RLS unsynchronized

Trigger: RLS synchronized

State
”In-sync”

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-37

UL DPCCH Pilot Bits
Npilot = 3 Npilot = 4 Npilot = 5 Npilot = 6

Bit # 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5

Slot#0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
4 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
7 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
8 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
11 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
12 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
13 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
14 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-38

 RLS in RBS
one slot of UL DPCCH:
Pilot: 1 1 0 1 TFCI FBI TPC Bit-errors are indicated
with an arrow

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 msec

Only FSW shown: 10 00 01 00 00 11 11 10 11 11 01 10 00 00 00
(Npilot = 4)

BER = 4 / 30 BER  35%  Frame synchronized

rlFailureT is rlFailureT
started expires

• • • BER  35% ••• BER  35% BER >35% BER  35% BER >35% ••• BER >35% BER  35% BER >35% •••

RL failure
nInSyncInd nOutSyncInd indication
to SRNC

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-39

RCS Evaluation in SRNC
MO Rcs: pmNoReleaseDchRcLostT
1 3
RL Failure Timer
Indication dchRcLostT dchRcLostT
is started expires
RBS SRNC
No RL Restore Indication Trigger overall release
is received of the connection
2
n
io
cat
di

MO: UtranCell:
in
re

pmNoSysRelSpeechUlSynch
lu
i
Fa
RL

RBS

Speech Drops due to UL Sync:

pmNoSysRelSpeechUlSynch
= X 100 [%]
pmNoNormalRabReleaseSpeech + pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-40
RLC AM Basic Operation
Transmitter Receiver
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Polling bit

Status Indication
(resend #2, 3 and 5)

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-41

RLC AM Parameters

Maximum number of times a PDU can

be sent (10)

Number of reset attempts to trigger

RLC unrecoverable error (1 =>
immediately)

Maximum waiting time for a response

from a polling (220 msec)

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-42

 RLC Unrecoverable Error
Transmitter Receiver
Transmission with polling bit
220 msec
Retransmission with polling bit

Retransmission # 10 Retransmission with polling bit

Reset Request
MO Rcs: pmNoRlcErrors
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-43
 Uplink Coverage Corrective
Actions
• Use ASC

• Reduce sirMax and SirMaxTti2 and increase blerQualityTargetUl

• Re-evaluate Compressed Mode and IRATHO parameters

• Use ‘pmAverageRssi’ or Spectrum Analyzer to find external interference

• Reduce eulMaxShoRate and eulMaxRotCoverage if EUL is deployed

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-44

 Downlink Coverage
Corrective Actions
• Increase primaryCpichPower and use 40 or 60W MCPA

• Increase blerQualityTargetDl

• Increase minPwrRl, minPwrMax, interPwrMax and maxPwrMax

• ‘Tuning like’ => antenna downtilting

• Increasing nOutSyncInd and dchRcLostT, Reducing nInSyncInd

(Temporary solution only)
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-45
 Other Drop Call Reasons
Cell Downtime Cell_DCH EUL/HS

Cell_DCH 128 or 384/HS

Cell_DCH 64/HS

Cell_DCH 64/384
Hardware
Cell_DCH 64/128
Faults
Cell_DCH 64/64

pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech  pmNoSysRel SpeechSoHo  pmNoSysRel SpeechULSynch  pmNoOfTerm SpeechCong

100 
pmNoNormal RabReleaseSpeech  pmNoSystemRabReleaseSpeech
Cell_FACH

URA_PCH
Transport Network
Idle mode

Channel Switching

UE Problems
© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-46
Transport Network

› Transport Network (TN) issues

– Iub congestion,for services requiring higher bandwidth reservation
(like Packet Services configured with Strict Admission).

› In mobility
– Not possible to add the cell belonging to the site with TN issues in
the active set

› It is possible to detect Transport Network Problems in

GPEH event INTERNAL_SYSTEM_RELEASE

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-47

Summary of Chapter 5
After this chapter the participants should be able to:
5 Explain the Service Retainability Optimization procedure
5.1 Briefly explain Radio Network Supervision and the associated
parameters
5.2 Briefly explain WCDMA RAN handover algorithms and associated
parameters
5.3 Create Retainability KPI formulas to find the worst performing cells
5.4 Use a selection of counters to explain the reason for this poor
performance
5.5 Suggest parameter changes to improve the retainability
performance

© Ericsson AB 2012 | Service Retainability Optimization | LZU1088652 R2A | Figure 5-48