AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL
TECHNOLOGY
Kalibo, Aklan

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
AND ENGINEERING

:Prepared by
RICHARD VINCENT I. DEYTIQUEZ
KEVIN SOLANOY
BSA-IV

:Prepared to
AR.ARCENIO SACRO
INSTRUCTOR
 INTRODUCTION…
LANDSCAPE DESIGN

Landscaping is a service industry. It serves people by

fabricating
environments where they can live, work, play, or just pass
.time
Landscaping is a vital part of the site development. In
addition to its aesthetic qualities, landscaping can improve
energy conservation, moderate noise, frame desirable
views, block undesirable views, create privacy fashion
outdoor spaces, provide shade, retard erosion, and visually
connect a building to its site. It is also required in some
.communities
The use of landscaping to moderate , the microclimate wall
discussed earlier and included the use of deciduous trees to
block sunlight in summer while allowing it to enter a
.building in the winter
 LANDSCAPING also refers to any activity that
modifies the visible features of an area of land,
:including
living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is
commonly known to as gardening, the art and craft
of growing plants with a goal of creating a
.beautiful environment within the landscape
natural elements such as landforms, terrain shape
;and elevation, or bodies of water
human elements such
as structures, buildings, fences or other
material objects created and/or installed
by humans; and
abstract elements such as the weather and lighting
.conditions
Landscaping is both science and art, and requires
good observation and design skills. A good
landscaper understands the elements of nature
.and construction and blends them accordingly
 UNDERSTANDING THE
LAND
Landscaping requires study and observation. It is not
the same in different parts of the world. Landscaping
varies according to different reigons. Therefore
normally local natural experts are recommended if it
is done for the first time. Understanding of the site is
one of the chief essentials for successful landscaping.
Different natural features like terrain, topography, soil
qualities, prevailing winds, depth of the frost line etc.
must be taken into account.Sometimes the land is not
fit for landscaping. In order to landscape it, the land
must be reshaped. This reshaping of land is called
.grading
Removing of earth from the land is called cutting
while when earth is added to slope, it is called filling.
Sometimes grading process may involve removing of
excessive waste, soil and rocks, so designers should
.take into account while at planning stage
LANDSCAPE SYMBOLS

Needled Evergreens •
Broadleaved Evergreens •
Deciduous Shrubs –
Deciduous Trees •
Vines •
Trailing Groundcovers •
 Needled Evergreens •
When recalling the appearance of a pine or spruce tree, it is easy to
understand the symbols commonly used to represent needled
evergreens
The symbols suggest the spiny leaves and rigid growth .)Figure 3–5(
habit of these plants, which are green throughout the year. These
symbols can be used to represent both trees and shrubs as long as
.they are needled and evergreen
Broadleaved Evergreens •
Another group of plants are green throughout the year, but have
wider and usually thicker, fleshy leaves. Plants such as the hollies,
rhododendrons, and camellias exemplify the category of broadleaved
evergreens. The symbols used to represent them suggest the larger
leaf size and semirigid growth habit of the plants (Figure 3–6). As with
the needled evergreens, these symbols can be used for both
.broadleaved evergreen trees and shrubs

Deciduous Shrubs
Deciduous shrubs drop their leaves in the autumn. As a category of
plants, they are much more numerous and diverse than either of the
evergreen
categories; therefore the symbols used to represent them tend
to be more generic or general. The edge of the symbol is loose and
,irregular
suggestive of the less rigid growth habit of most deciduous shrubs
With this symbol, as with all plant symbols, a prominent .)Figure 3–7(
dot in the center marks the spot on the plan where the plant is to be
.set into the ground
 Deciduous Trees •
Like deciduous shrubs, deciduous trees also lose their leaves during the winter
season. Unlike most shrubs, trees usually have only a central trunk rather than
multiple stems. Also, trees are generally taller than shrubs. All of these differences
are suggested in the symbols selected by designers to represent deciduous trees
(Figure 3–8). The symbols for trees are usually wider because trees are commonly
larger than shrubs. The lines representing them may be thicker and/or darker too,
reflecting their greater height and prominence within the design. Depending upon
how much detail must be shown beneath them, the tree symbols may be simple
.and plain, or intricately detailed to show branches and/or leaves
Vines •
Trees and shrubs tend to grow radially out from their centers. That is why the
compass and circle template are so useful in forming their symbols. However, vines
grow in a linear manner, and they do not hold to a predictable shape. Their
symbols are shaped to suggest that rambling
.linearity (Figure 3–9)
Trailing Groundcovers •
Groundcovers are those plants, usually 18 inches or less in height, that fill the
planting bed beneath the trees and shrubs. Like vines, many groundcovers are
shapeless, linear plants that would have little impact on the design if used alone,
but when grouped in masses and given time to fill in, they become an important
textural component of the design. The symbols used to represent trailing
groundcovers are therefore more textural than structural (Figure 3–10). The
texture is applied to all areas
.in the design where groundcover plants will be used
Symbol styles for needled evergreens.
Symbol styles for deciduous trees.
 Trailing Trailing
Groundcover
Groundcov Groundcove
of
er r
Low Shrubs

Vines on a Fence
Vines Against a Building Wall
PLANT FORMS
 SITE FEATURES AND
CHARACTERISTICS

The first step in becoming acquainted with a site is to take an

inventory
of what is there. Though the property owners can be an
important
source of information about the site, it is best for the designer
to make
the first visit to the site without the owner or client tagging
along. It is
too easy for the designer to begin seeing the site through the
eyes of the
owner and thereby assimilating his or her opinions and biases
about
the site. The designer needs to remain apart from the
preconceptions of
the site’s potential and instead have an organized method to
assess the
.many and varied nuances of each site
SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
Sustainable landscape architecture
is a category of sustainable design
concerned with the planning and
.design of outdoor space
This can include ecological social,
and eco
 Separating the features and characteristics of a site into
categories is
a logical place to begin. Some of the site’s characteristics
,are natural features
and others are man-made. Still others are cultural
(resulting from
or associated with human society). Some features are
,totally physical
though others are most significant as visual features.
Some features are
unmistakably positive factors, and others are definitely
negative in their
impact. Many have a neutral quality until they are judged
in the context
.of the proposed design
A partial list of the features and characteristics that are
inventoried
and later evaluated during the site analysis includes the
.following
 Hardscape
Design materials that are not living plant materials are
often referred
to as hardscape. They include such things as pavings,
fencing and
wall materials, furnishings, lighting, and water features.
Like plant
symbols, hardscape symbols attempt to suggest how
the materials or
objects will actually appear in the landscape. They need
to be scaled
appropriately to allow the graphic to look realistic.
When the scale of
the plan is so small that it becomes impossible to draw
,each brick
stone, or similar feature to its exact size, then a textural
interpretation
may be used to suggest the hardscape rather than
.interpret it literally
HARDSCAPE MATERIALS

Brick •
Outdoor Grill •
Fencing with Gate Picnic Table •
Loose Aggregates and Mulches
,Crushed Stone, Marble Chips( •
)Wood Chips •
Steps and Landing •
Decking Stonework •
 Natural Features
a. terrain (rise and fall of the land) •
b. topography (the record of an area’s terrain) •
c. slopes (their steepness as measured at different locales •
within
)the site •
d. erosion (both present and potential areas on the site) •
e. directions of surface water drainage •
f. areas of puddling or drought •
g. soil qualities (pH, nutrient level, stoniness, depth of the •
,topsoil
)texture •
h. existing plant materials (quantity, quality, species names, •
,sizes
)locations •
i. microclimates (protected or exposed area, where plant •
growth may
)be affected •
j. prevailing winds •
k. annual rainfall and snowfall on the site •
l. depth of the frost line •
m. off-site views •
 Man-made Features

a. existing buildings (size, architectural style, •

color, materials)
b. utilities (above and below ground) •
c. paved areas, such as drives, existing patios, •
basketball or tennis
courts
d. existing landscape features, such as walls, •
pergolas, fences, pools
e. building details, such as the location of doors, •
,windows, utility meters
air conditioners, downspouts, dryer vents, •
exterior mounted lights
f. current storage spaces for trash containers, •
garden tools, recreational
vehicles •
 PERFORMING A SITE
ANALYSIS
Once a general understanding of what constitutes the
characteristics of
a site is gained, the landscaper must actually walk the site
and inventory
those features. To assure that nothing is overlooked,
many landscapers
will use a checklist that assures a consistent assembly of
site
data every time. Such a checklist also allows different
people within the
company to conduct the site analyses with some
.assurance of consistency