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Blindness

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 Table Contents
• Definition
• Introduction
• Symptoms of Blindness
• Causes of Blindness
• Risk-Factors of Blindness
• Prevention of Blindness
• Diagnosis of Blindness
• Treatment of Blindness
• Conclusion

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 Definition
Blindness is the inability to see anything, including
light.

3
 Introduction

• If you’re partially blind, you have limited vision. For

example, you may have blurry vision or the
inability to distinguish the shapes of objects.
Complete blindness means you can’t see at all.
• Legal blindness refers to vision that’s highly
compromised. What a person with regular vision
can see from 200 feet away, a legally blind person
can see from only 20 feet away.
• Seek medical attention right away if you suddenly
lose the ability to see. 4
Symptoms of Blindness

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 Causes of Blindness
• Glaucoma refers to different eye conditions
that can damage your optic nerve, which
carries visual information from your eyes to
your brain.
• Macular degeneration destroys the part of
your eye that enables you to see details.
• Cataracts cause cloudy vision. They’re more
common in older people.

●●●
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 Causes of Blindness
• A lazy eye can make it difficult to see details. It
may lead to vision loss.
• Optic neuritis is inflammation that can cause
temporary or permanent vision loss.
• Retinitis pigmentosa refers to damage of
the retina. It leads to blindness only in rare
cases.

●●●
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 Causes of Blindness
The following conditions can impair vision or
cause blindness in infants:
• Infections, such as pink eye
• Blocked tear ducts
• Cataracts
• Strabismus (crossed eyes)
• Amblyopia (lazy eye)

●●●
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 Causes of Blindness
• Ptosis (droopy eyelid)
• Congenital glaucoma
• Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which
occurs in premature babies when the
blood vessels that supply their retina
aren’t fully developed
• Visual inattention, or delayed
development of your child’s visual system

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 Risk-Factors of Blindness
The following categories of people are at risk
for blindness:
• People with eye diseases, such as macular
degeneration and glaucoma
• People with diabetes
• People who have a stroke

●●●
10
 Risk-Factors of Blindness

• People undergoing eye surgery

• People who work with or near sharp
objects or toxic chemicals
• Premature babies

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 Prevention of Blindness
• To detect eye diseases and help prevent vision
loss, get regular eye examinations.
• If you receive a diagnosis of certain eye
conditions, such as glaucoma, treatment with
medication can help prevent blindness.
• If you notice symptoms of vision loss between
routine visits, make an appointment with their
eye doctor immediately.

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 Diagnosis of Blindness
A thorough eye exam by an optometrist will help
determine the cause of your blindness or partial
loss of vision.
Your eye doctor will administer a series of tests that
measure:
• The clarity of your vision
• The function of your eye muscles
• How your pupils react to light

●●●
13
 Diagnosis of Blindness
• A pediatrician will screen your baby for eye
problems shortly after birth. At 6 months of
age, have an eye doctor or pediatrician check
your child again for visual acuity, focus, and
eye alignment.
• The doctor will look at your baby’s eye
structures and see whether they can follow a
light or colorful object with their eyes.

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 Treatment of Blindness
In some cases of vision impairment, one or
more of the following may help restore
vision:
1. Eyeglasses
2. Contact lenses
3. Surgery
4. Medication

●●●
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 Treatment of Blindness
• If you experience partial blindness that
can’t be corrected, your doctor will
provide guidance on how to function with
limited vision.
• For example, you can use a magnifying
glass to read, increase the text size on
your computer, and use audio clocks and
audiobooks.

●●●
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 Treatment of Blindness
Complete blindness requires approaching life in
a new way and learning new skills. For example,
you may need to learn how to:
• Read braille
• Use a guide dog
• Organize your home so you can easily find
things and stay safe
• Fold money in distinct ways to distinguish bill
amounts

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 Conclusion

 A person’s long-term outlook for restoring

vision and slowing vision loss is better
when treatment is preventive and sought
immediately.
 Surgery can effectively treat cataracts. They
don’t necessarily result in blindness.

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 References
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