CONDUCTION
AND
INDUCTION
An electroscope is an instrument that can be used to detect
static charge.
Charging by Induction: A charged object is used to induce
a charge in a neutral object and then the neutral object is
grounded so that it retains the charge. This newly charged
object has the opposite charge to the charge on the charging
object.
Grounding is the process of connecting a charged object to
the Earth’s surface.
Charging by Contact: a neutral object gains the same type
of charge as the object that touched it because the electrons
move from one object to the other.
Post Lab Questions
1.Which atomic particles are electrically
charged?
a.Both electrons and protons
b.Both electrons and neutrons
c.Both protons and neutrons
d.Only electrons
Post Lab Questions
1.Which atomic particles are electrically
charged?
a.Both electrons and protons
b.Both electrons and neutrons
c.Both protons and neutrons
d.Only electrons
2.An object is considered negatively charged when:
a.The electrons become positively charged
b.It has more protons than electrons
c.It has more electrons than protons
d.It has the same amount of electrons and protons
2.An object is considered negatively charged when:
a.The electrons become positively charged
b.It has more protons than electrons
c.It has more electrons than protons
d.It has the same amount of electrons and protons
3.Four objects (R, S, T, and U) are brought together. S has a positive
charge. The following is observed:
(A)Sphere S attracts all the other spheres
(B)Spheres T and U repel each other
(C)Sphere R attracts all other spheres
It can be concluded that sphere R is:
a. Neutral
b.Positive
c. Negative
3.Four objects (R, S, T, and U) are brought together. S has a positive
charge. The following is observed:
(A)Sphere S attracts all the other spheres
(B)Spheres T and U repel each other
(C)Sphere R attracts all other spheres
It can be concluded that sphere R is:
(A) Neutral
(B) Positive
(C) Negative
4. A glass rod becomes negatively charged when rubbed with
acetate. This means that after rubbing:
a.The glass rod has lost electrons while the acetate has
gained electrons
b.The glass rod has gained electrons while the acetate has
lost electrons
c.Both the glass rod and the acetate have remained neutral
d.None of the above
4. A glass rod becomes negatively charged when rubbed with
acetate. This means that after rubbing:
a.The glass rod has lost electrons while the acetate has
gained electrons
b.The glass rod has gained electrons while the
acetate has lost electrons
c.Both the glass rod and the acetate have remained neutral
d.None of the above
Bill Nye Static Electricity
Complete the worksheet while watching the video
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Electroscopes
An electroscope is an
instrument that can be
used to detect static
charge.
The study of static
electric charges is called
electrostatics.
Electroscopes
Used to detect whether an object is
charged or uncharged
vary in their shape and appearance.
Detecting Static
Charge
When a charged rod is
brought close to an
electroscope it creates a
movement of charges
called Charge
Separation
The negative rod causes
the electrons in the
electroscope to be
repelled and move into
the leaves which repel
each other
Detecting Static
Charge
When the charged rod is
taken away the leaves
return to the neutral
position again.
Induction
(definition)
The movement of
electrons within a
substance caused by a
nearby charged object,
without direct contact
between the substance
and the object.
Example:
Charging by
Induction
A charged object is used
to induce a charge in a
neutral object and then
the neutral object is
grounded so that it
retains the charge.
This newly charged
object has the opposite
charge to the charge on
the charging object.
Charging by
Induction
Grounding is the
process of connecting a
charged object to
Earth’s surface.
This provides a path for
charges to travel to or
from the ground.
The ground is always
considered neutral
Charging By
Conduction
Electrons can be
transferred through
conduction. (contact)
Charging By
Contact
A neutral object gains
the same type of charge
as the object that touched
it because the electrons
move from one object to
the other
When a charge is transferred,
the charges spread out over
the whole structure, including
the leaves. The greater the
charge, the greater the
separation between the
leaves.
Electrostatic Induction
If the topic is still confusing to you or you would like a review, please watch
this video and ask me any questions you may have after doing so.
Electrical Discharge
Once an object is charged, the charges are
trapped on it until they are given a path to
escape.
When electric charges are transferred very
quickly, the process is called an electrical
discharge.
This can be caused by induction. The
discharge happens before contact actually
occurs.
Example: Sparks or
shocks
Lightning
Lightning is an example of a very
large electrical discharge caused by
induction.
In a thunderstorm, a charged area,
usually negative, builds at the base of
the cloud.
The negative charge at the base of the
cloud creates a temporary positive
area on the ground through the
induction process.
Lightning
When enough charge has built up, a
path of charged particles forms. The
cloud then discharges its excess
electrons along the temporary path to
the ground, creating a huge spark -
lightning.
This discharge creates a rapid
expansion of the air around it, causing
the sound of thunder
Air is normally an insulator. If it wasn’t
lighting would form every time that
clouds formed.
For lighting to occur, charges in the
clouds must build up to the point where
the air cannot keep the charges
separated from the ground.
At this point, the air stops being an
insulator and becomes a fair conductor,
resulting in a lightning strike.
Now you Try:
Try and get your electroscopes to charge by induction - show me
Try and get your electroscopes to charge by contact - show me
Try and get your electroscopes to charge using induction and grounding -
show me
Questions
1. What does an electroscope detect?
2. In the contact method of charging, what charge does a
neutral substance gain compared to the object that touched
it?
3. In induction, what charge does a neutral substance gain
compared to the object brought near it?
4. What is the difference between charging by contact and
charging by induction in terms of electron transfer?
5. What is grounding?
