Edge to cloud Protocol

1. Edge Computing:-
• Edge computing data is collected and analyzed & store at edge i.e Devices
connected to IOT system. Instead of centralized storage or on cloud.
• This is done to reduce response time & share bandwidth.
2. Cloud computing:-
• In cloud computing data collected at nodes is ferther sent to cloud & then it
will ne processed & store in cloud.
• Then processed data ( information) will be provided to distributed application
& devices.
 Edge to cloud Platform
• This platform is designed to bring cloud experience to all organization
application & data regardless their location.
• It provides good experience with security & allows organization to capture
new business opportunities with simplicity & scalability.
• More application store, manage & analyze data on centralized storage like
on a public cloud or private cloud.
• Data is process at edge devices (where data is actually collected) so not
necessary to transfer data to cloud for processing & analysis.
• This approach will reduce load on network and servers.
• Edge to cloud platform processes data in real time, with faster response
time highly applicable in field of IOT.
 Characteristics of Edge to cloud platform
1. Self service:- organization must arrange resources for new project such
as virtual machine.
2. Rapidly scalable:- platform must provide scaling Up & down facility.
3. Pay – per use :- Billing to customer should be based on actual amount
of resources used.
 HTTP:- Hyper text transfer protocol
• HTTP is character based protocol used in application layer.
• It used by web page to exchange data.
• It used in IOT devices to exchange data using REST principle
(RE presentational State Transfer)
• REST allows IOT devices to communication with each other using
standard application.
• HTTP is bidirectional protocol in HTTP request is always initiated by client
& response is always given by server.
• HTTP protocol provides half duplex communication i.e. either client or
server can send massage same time.
 Advantages & Disadvantages
1. Reliability :- Guaranteed& acknowledge massage delivery
2. Easy implementation:- HTTP can be simply by connecting a devices to
internet.

Disadvantages:-

3. More Power required:- to establish a connection to retain in this connection

& transfer textual data between devices, more power required.
4. IOT device complexity:- device require more memory & processing power to
work with TCP & HTTP REST full application.
5. Less security:- Its not using any encryption mechanism to encrypt its HTTP
request & response.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is the best example of IoT network
protocol.
• This protocol has formed the foundation of data communication over
the web.
• It is the most common protocol that is used for IoT devices when there
is a lot of data to be published.
• Client sends a SYN packet to the server.
• Web server responds with SYN-ACK packet.
• Client again sends a ACK packet, concluding a connection establishment.
This is also commonly referred to as a 3-way handshake.
• Client sends a HTTP request to the server asking for a resource.
• Client waits for the server to respond to the request.
• Webserver processes the request, finds the resource and sends the
response to client.
• If no more resources are required by the client, it sends a FIN packet to
close the TCP connection.
 WebSocket

• The WebSocket protocol is a TCP-based network protocol.

• It defines how data is exchanged between networks. Because it is very
reliable and efficient, it is used by almost all clients.
• TCP establishes communication between two endpoints, which are
referred to as sockets.
• It used with HTTP at application layer & TCP at Transport layer.
• using WebSocket server & client can push the message at any time.
• It is bi-directional protocol.
• It provide full duplex comm.
client and server both simultaneously.
 Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)

• One of the most preferred protocols for IoT devices, MQTT collects data from various electronic devices
and supports remote device monitoring.
• It is a subscribe/publish protocol that runs over Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which means it
supports event-driven message exchange through wireless networks.
• , MQTT publish/subscribe protocol provides a scalable and reliable way to connect devices over the
Internet.
• MQTT is used by many companies to connect millions of devices to the Internet.
• MQTT is mainly used in devices which are economical and requires less power and memory. For
instance, fire detectors, car sensors, smart watches, and apps for text-based messaging.
MQTT Architecture

To understand the MQTT architecture, we first look at the components of the MQTT.
• Message
• Client
• Server or Broker
• TOPIC
1. Message:-
The message is the data that is carried out by the protocol across the network for the application. When
the message is transmitted over the network, then the message contains the following parameters:
• Payload data
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• Collection of Properties
• Topic Name
2. Client
• In MQTT, the subscriber and publisher are the two roles of a client.
• The clients subscribe to the topics to publish and receive messages. In simple words, we can say that if any
program or device uses an MQTT, then that device is referred to as a client.
• A device is a client if it opens the network connection to the server, publishes messages that other clients
want to see, subscribes to the messages that it is interested in receiving, unsubscribes to the messages that
it is not interested in receiving, and closes the network connection to the server.
• In MQTT, the client performs two operations:
Publish: When the client sends the data to the server, then we call this operation as a publish.
Subscribe: When the client receives the data from the server, then we call this operation a subscription.
3. Server
• The device or a program that allows the client to publish the messages and subscribe to the messages.
• A server accepts the network connection from the client, accepts the messages from the client, processes
the subscribe and unsubscribe requests, forwards the application messages to the client, and closes the
network connection from the client
4. Topic:-
• The label provided to the message is checked against the subscription
known by the server is known as TOPIC.
Characteristics of MQTT:-
• The MQTT has some unique features which are hardly found in other
protocols. Some of the features of an MQTT are given below:
1. It is a machine to machine protocol, i.e., it provides communication
between the devices.
2. It is designed as a simple and lightweight messaging protocol that uses a
publish/subscribe system to exchange the information between the
client and the server.
3. It does not require that both the client and the server establish a
connection at the same time.
4. It provides faster data transmission, like how WhatsApp/messenger
provides a faster delivery. It's a real-time messaging protocol.
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
• CoAP is an internet-utility protocol for restricted gadgets.
• Using this protocol, the client can send a request to the server and the server can send back the
response to the client in HTTP.
• For light-weight implementation, it makes use of UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and reduces space
usage.
• CoAP protocol is used mainly in automation, mobiles, and microcontrollers.
• The key role of CoAP is to act like HTTP wherever restricted devices are a part of communication. While
filling the gap of HTTP, it enables devices like actuators and sensors to interact over the internet.
 Platform
• IOT connects devices remotely
• IOT platform communication devices sensor and data network.
• An IOT platform is a set of components which are used by developers to
deploy application collect data remotely, secure connection, manage
sensors and connection between them and allow developer to create
new application.
The most common categories of IOT platform are
1. Cloud platform
2. IOT connectivity platform
 1. Cloud platform

• It allows rapid development of application by hiding complexity of developing an IOT solution.

Some cloud platform are.
1. Microsoft azure IOT suite.
2. Thing Worx 8 IOT platform
3. AWS IOT platform
4. Google cloud IOT platform
5. IBM Watson
6. CISCO
7. Salesforce
8. Oracle
9. Thing Speak
10. GE Predix
11. PIC
 2. IOT Connectivity Platform
• Connectivity is very important part of IOT stack.
• In IOT all the devices need to be connected to cloud or to central data
repository.
• Connectivity can be completed / done using Bluetooth. Wifi and other
cellular. Technology like 4G,5G etc.
• Connectivity platform provide single interface for deploying, monitoring
and managing all your device around world.
• This platform includes functionality like
Traffic monitoring.
Location.
Device management
Air update
 IOT Device Platform
• It provide hardware building block for developing IOT devices.
• IOT devices must have Cost, longer battery life, better supply chain
agreement. Improve the service ability.
• Pre Product market fit. ( This prototype are created & share it with
customer).
• Product market fit.(Component like Raspberry pi, Arduino can be used
to core of devices)
 IOT Analytics Platform
• IOT devices are used to collect the data & send it to cloud.
• This data is analyzed on cloud
• Most cloud platform include analysis tools, which are enough for many
application.
• If your application has additional requirement like visualization. Data
process AI , ML, IOT analytics platform help to accelerate your IOT
development.
Example:- IOT analytic platform are
1. Watson by IBM
2. C3AI
3. Spark cognition.