Introduction to Cell as biochemical machinnary block

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Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotic
Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria

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Eukaryotic
Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms
Plant Animal

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Cell Parts
Organelles

Typical Animal Cell

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Characteristic of living organism

2. All living cells have an ability to acquire material from nature to produce energy. (CH, lipid, protein eating digestion metabolism energy In order to survive, organism must be able to achieve homeostasis. Each type of organism has a specialized way to stay in a balance with its outside and inside environment. You and I have an internal thermostat that helps us maintain body temperature of about 98,6 degrees Fahrenheit

3. All living things have an ability to respond to their environment result in movement toward safety, as young we learnedto avoid hot stoves and busy street 4. All living things have an ability to reproduce.(sexual reproduction and a-sexual reproduction/cloning) 5. All living things have an ability to adapt.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A SEXUAL REPRODUCTION / CLONING

Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

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Cell Wall
Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells

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Inside the Cell

Nucleus
Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

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Chromosomes
In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

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Nucleolus
Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

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Cytoplasm
Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

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Ribosomes
Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

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Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

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Golgi Bodies
Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell

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Lysosome
Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

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Vacuoles
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape

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Chloroplast
Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place

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