PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER AND
COMPOSITION
Course Information
Dr. Yiju Wang
School of Aerospace and Engineering, Xiamen University
[email protected] Office: A1-425
CHAPTER 1
DATA REPRESENTATION AND MANIPULATION
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Chapter1 Data Representation and Manipulation
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1.1 Numeric data representation
1.2 Non-numeric data representation
1.3 Basic arithmetic and Logic operations
Chapter1 Data Representation and Manipulation
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1.1 Numeric data representation
1.1.1 Number System
1.1.1.1 Decimal Number
1.1.1.2 Binary Number
1.1.1.3 Octal Number
1.1.1.4 Hexadecimal Number
1.1.2 Number Conversion
1.1.2.1 Conversions to Decimal Numbers
1.1.2.2 Conversions from Decimal Numbers
1.1.2.3 Conversion between Hexadecimal and binary numbers
1.2 Non-numeric data representation
1.2.1 BCD(Binary Coded Decimal) Code
1.2.2 ASCII code
1.3 Basic arithmetic operations
1.3.1 Operation of Binary
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Unsigned integer data
Unsigned byte integer
Unsigned word integer
Unsigned double word integer
Signed integer data
Signed byte integer
Signed word integer
Signed double word integer
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Byte Integer
Unsigned (0-255)
Signed (-128-+127)
Word Integer
Unsigned (0-65535)
Signed (-32768-+32767)
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1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Signed data
Sign-Magnitude Representation （ Original binary
data ）
One’s Complements (Radix-1 complements)
Two’s Complements (Radix complements)
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Signed data
Sign-Magnitude Representation （ Original binary
data ）
One’s Complements (Radix-1 complements)
Two’s Complements (Radix complements)
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Sign-Magnitude Representation
Byte
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Sign bit numerical bits
Word
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Sign bit numerical bits
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Sign-Magnitude Representation
The most significant bit is a sign bit.
Zero identifies a positive number
One identifies a negative number
Numerical bits are the same
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Sign-Magnitude Representation
Positive
Sign bit is 0
Numeric bits is magnitude
Negative
Sign bit is 1
Numeric bits is magnitude
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Sign-Magnitude Representation
[+1D ]=00000001B=01H
[-1D ]=10000001B=81H
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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One’s Complements
Positive
same as its original binary data
Negative
invert
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Sign-magnitude data
[+1D ]=00000001B=01H
[-1D ]=10000001B=81H
One’s Complements
[+1D ]=00000001B=01H
[-1D ]=11111110B=FEH
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Two’s Complements
Positive
same as its original binary data
Negative
invert and then add 1
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Original binary data
[+1D ]=00000001B=01H
[-1D ]=10000001B=81H
One’s Complements
[+1D ]=00000001B=01H
[-1D ]=11111110B=FEH
Two’s Complements
[+1D ]=00000001B=01H
[-1D ]=11111111B=FFH
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Byte Two’s Complements
[+1]=00000001B=01H
[-1]=11111111B=0FFH
Word Two’s Complements
[+1]=0000000000000001B=0001H
[-1]=1111111111111111B=0FFFFH
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Range of representation
Sign-Magnitude Representation
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Range of representation
Sign-Magnitude Representation
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Range of representation
One’s Complements
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Range of representation
One’s Complements
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Range of representation
Two’s Complements
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Range of representation
Two’s Complements
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Range of representation in two’s Complement
notation
Byte
Unsigned integer(0-255)
Signed integer(-128-+127)
Word
Unsigned integer(0-65535)
Signed integer(-32768-+32767)
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Two’s Complements Arithmetic
Addition
[X+Y]=[X]+[Y]
Subtraction
[X-Y]=[X]+[-Y]
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Example of Addition and Subtraction in two’s
Complements
23+15
(-23)+(-15)
23-15
(-23)-(-15)
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Solution
[23]=00010111B=17H
[-23]=11101001B=0E9H
[15]=00001111B=0FH
[-15]=11110001B=0F1H
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Solution
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Solution
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Solution
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Solution
1.3.2 Integer Formats in Microcomputers
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Method to find the opposite number(negation)
