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Germplasm Conservation Techniques Explained

This document discusses germplasm conservation and its importance for biotechnology. It begins by outlining the objectives of studying germplasm conservation and defining germplasm. It then explains the application of germplasm collection in biotechnology, including as a source of raw materials and natural variation. The document outlines different types of germplasm conservation, including ex-situ methods like conventional storage, in vitro techniques, and field gene banks, as well as in-situ methods like natural habitats and on-farm conservation. It provides details on cryopreservation as an ex-situ technique, including the steps and benefits. In closing, it lists references used in the document.

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441 views12 pages

Germplasm Conservation Techniques Explained

This document discusses germplasm conservation and its importance for biotechnology. It begins by outlining the objectives of studying germplasm conservation and defining germplasm. It then explains the application of germplasm collection in biotechnology, including as a source of raw materials and natural variation. The document outlines different types of germplasm conservation, including ex-situ methods like conventional storage, in vitro techniques, and field gene banks, as well as in-situ methods like natural habitats and on-farm conservation. It provides details on cryopreservation as an ex-situ technique, including the steps and benefits. In closing, it lists references used in the document.

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shreyaghoshonline
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Germplasm Conservation:

It’s Biotechnological Importance

By Shreya Ghosh
Department of Botany, Chakdaha College
Roll-2116108 No- 2008665
Objectives of work:-
Understanding the importance of Germplasm
Conservation in today's world.

Learning about the history or previous works done on


germplasm conservation.

Knowing about the various methods of conserving genetic


materials of plants.

Gaining knowledge about different ways of utilizing


genetic materials for improvement in Biotechnology

To learn about the status of Germplasm Conservation


now.
What is ‘Germplasm’?

Germplasm are genetic resources


such as seeds, tissues, and DNA
sequences that are maintained for
the purpose of animal and plant
breeding, conservation efforts,
agriculture, and other research
uses.
What is the application of germplasm collection in biotechnology?

Biotechnology requires germplasm, as both raw material and


a source of natural variation.
The conservation of important genotypes , including cultures
used in genetic engineering and industrial processes.
The commercial exploitation of cultures which need
conserving.
 For conserving genetic traits of endangered plant and animals
To preserve desired character of wild variety of any cultivated
crop.
Types of Germplasm
Conservation

Ex-situ In-situ

Field gene
Conventional In vitro Natural habitat On farm
banks

Tissue culture Wild life Sanctuaries

Cryopreservation National parks

Biosphere reserves
Ex-Situ
Conventional In vitro Field gene banks
In-Situ
Natural Habitat On farm
Cryopreservation :-
• Cryopreservation is the method of keeping
the live cells, tissues and other biological
samples in a deep freeze at subzero
temperatures for the storage or
preservation. The sample is commonly
kept at −196°C in liquid nitrogen.
• At such low temperatures, all the
biological activities of the cells stop.
Cryopreservation helps the cells to
survive freezing and thawing.
Steps of
Cryopreservation :
Harvesting or Selection of material.

Addition of cryo-protectant

Freezing

Storage in liquid nitrogen(-196°C)

Thawing
Benefits of Cryopreservation :-

There are many benefits of cryopreservation technique. These


include:
•Fertility treatments.
•Minimal space and labour required.
•Safeguards the germplasm of endangered species.
•Biological samples can be preserved for a longer period of time.
•Protects the samples from disease and microbial contamination.
•Prevents genetic drift by cryopreservation of gametes, embryos,
etc.
References

•Byju’ study material, https://byjus.com/question-answer/what-is-meant-by-


germplasm-collection-what-are-its-benefits-1/
•Day-Rubenstein, K and Heisey, P. 2003.
Plant Genetic Resources: New Rules for International Exchange
•Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. 1984. Plant Germplasm
Preservation and Utilization in U.S. Agriculture. Report No. 106, November
1985. Ames, Iowa: Council for Agricultural Science and Technology.
•Michel F. Fay In Vitro cellular & developmental Biology of Plant
vol.28P(1992)

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