Biosafety
Submitted To: Dr Mokshi
Dr Ramneek Kaur
Submitted By : Parveen Kaur
Class - [Link] 1
Roll no. - 9315
Introduction
Biosafety is defined as the protective policies
and procedures to ensure safe environment
when working with hazardous organisms.
These practices are to ensure the safety of
environment and human health.
It refers to the containment principles, strategies
and practices that are adopted to prevent exposure
to pathogens , chemicals, radiation and toxins.
The awareness about biosafety has been increased
among the researchers, producers of GMO,
policymakers, administrators and environmentalists.
Biosafety and Bioterrorism are emerging issues
nowadays that need to be checked upon in the
interest of human and environmental safety.
Biosafety is therefore important to ensure the safe
utilization of technology.
Components of Biosafety
Laboratory practices and procedures,
Laboratory facilities,
Safety equipments,
Safe handling of specimens,
Storage and disposal of specimens,
chemicals, radioactive components, etc.
Importance of biosafety
Biosafety practices are needed for:-
a) To provide protection to:
Workers
Co-workers
General public
Environment
Laboratory support staff
Human health
b) To comply with federal and local regulatory standards given by
NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA
Laboratories :
- OSHA - Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
- DOT – Transportation of Hazardous Materials
- UNE IBC Policies
c)The areas where genetic engineering practices are
being carried out require prior approval from the
regulatory authorities of country.
d) OMICS Publishing Group, USA is publishing
biosafety journals and organizing international
conferences to make everyone aware about
biosafety issues and to measure and rectify them.
e) Though modern research is a boon to human
population yet can be dangerous if not used wisely.
Biosafety Levels
According to WHO, Biosafety levels help to identify
the protective measures needed in a laboratory
setting to protect workers and environment.
Certain biosafety levels have been proposed
according to the pathogenicity of the organisms that
are being researched in a laboratory.
Biosafety level – 1
This include harmless, non-pathogenic
organism that have low risk and cause no
disease in humans.
Majorly used for academic purposes.
Work is generally conducted on open
benches, may or may not require use of
gloves.
Eg. [Link] , Canine hepatitis , Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Biosafety Level 2
Involves agents that are mildly pathogenic i.e.
can cause moderate hazard to humans and
environment.
They should be handle with care in safety
cabinets and gloves are to be used .
Eg. Measles , Influenza A , Hepatitis A,B,C ,
Orthopoxvirus (except smallpox)
Biosafety Level - 3
Work with dangerous and exotic agents that
are life threatening.
Though we have cure for them but still one
should be careful while handling them.
All procedures should be conducted within
biological safety cabinets with two pairs of
gloves , respiratory protection ,etc.
Laboratory personnel should have specific
training in handling pathogens.
Eg. SARS, West Nile Virus, Salmonella Typhi,
Leishmania donovani.
Biosafety Level - 4
Work with most dangerous agents that poses
high risk to humans and environment.
They are life threatening.
They cause incurable diseases that do not
have any solution till now.
They should be handle with proper care in
laboratory in separate areas or in separate
buildings.
Double gloves
Boots
Filtered air supply
Mask
Hazmat suit
A vacuum room
An ultraviolet light room
Eg. Ebola Virus, Lassa Virus, Marburg Virus.
Biosafety Level – 5
It is given by NASA for alien microbes of
different planet or region.
Generally it is not considered as biosafety
level and is only used by NASA as the
organisms can cause potential threat.
Biosafety Cabinets
Biosafety cabinets (BSC) are separate cabinets
for :-
• Personal protection
• Product protection
• Environment protection
BSC Types
1. Class 1
2. Class 2
3. Class 3
Class 1
Personal and environmental protection
No production protection
• Inward airflow protects worker
• Exhaust to outside
• With\without HEPA filters
Class 2
Worker, product and environment protected
Sterile working area
Use to work with aerosol
Use for tissue culture and virology
Designed for working with BSL 1-3
Class 3
Total exhaust cabinet
No re-circulated air
Provide biological and chemical containment.
• Totally enclosed, ventilated, air-tight
• Suitable for work with BSL 3\4 agents.
References
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