Work Measurement Methods

“If you’re not keeping

score, you are just
practicing.” - Vince Lombardi
 WHAT IS WORK MEASUREMENT?

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Work Measurement is determination of
the length of time it should take to
complete a job
General
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Steps in Work Measurement

Measure Work

Factor in Performance

Rating Factor in Allowances

( PF&D)
Develop Time Standards

Monitor, Improve,
Update
5
WHERE DO WE USE TIME
STANDARDS?

 Product Costing

 Delivery
WHERE DO WE USE TIME
STANDARDS?
6

 Capacity Analysis

 Equipment Purchase Justification

 WHERE DO WE USE TIME
7 STANDARDS?

 Efficiency Improvement Scope and Requirement

 System Simulation
 WHERE DO WE USE TIME
8
STANDARDS?
 Labor Requirements

 Determination of Wage Payment Plans

 The Whole Picture
13

Lean Six Sigma

Application
Focus on Time
assessment Work
and Measurement
management

Improved
Production
Planning
&
Scheduling
Reduction
Increased of excess
capability to adapt inventory
customer demand
Reduction of
manufacturing
cost
20
Why Work Measurement?

To:

 Assess Capabilities
 Establish Expectations
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Work Measurement Methods

S WA G
Estimation

Historical Data

Time & Motion

Direct Study
Work Measurement
Observation &
Techniques
Measurement
Work Sampling

M O D A P T S

P r e d e te r m in e d
Time Systems M O S T

M T M
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Which Method?
VOLUME CYCLE TIME RECOMMENDED TECHNIQUE
LONG Work Sampling
1000'S MEDIUM Work Sampling, Time & Motion Study
SHORT PTSS

LONG Work sampling, Time & Motion Study

100'S MEDIUM Time & Motion Study, Work Sampling
SHORT PTSS , Time & Motion

LONG SWAG, Work sampling, Historical Data

10'S MEDIUM SWAG, Historical Data

SHORT Time & Motion Study

 The Cost of Work Measurement
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Time & Motion Study History

Business efficiency technique combining

Time Study work
(of Fredrick Winslow Taylor )
&
Motion Study
work
(of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth)
 Phases of a time study
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Analysis

Measurement

Synthesis

Reporting and Standard

Update
 Analysis
Phase

Obtain & record the following:

 Operator
 Working Conditions
 Methods
 Break Down the tasks to elements

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 Operator
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Who do we study?

Normal Representativ
e &
Qualified
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Normal Operator

Adapted to the work and has sufficient

experience.
Has coordinated mental and physical
abilities.
Maintains proper use of equipment and tools
related to the job.
 Is cooperative.

Performs a pace best suited for continuous

 (Adverse)Working Conditions
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Missing tools and equipment

Inadequate Climate

Mental workload

Visual fatigue

Low level of worker participation

Inadequate equipment and workstation

 Elements
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 An element is a distinct part of a specified job.

 A work cycle is the sequence of elements which are

required to perform a job.
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What is the Rule of Thumb?

 The elements must be long enough to be accurately

timed .
 The proper method should be used.
 Human and machine must be separated.
 The end point of each element should be
consistently
detected.
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 Example
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Direct Time Study
Devices

Stop Watch Video

Camera
 Time Study Steps
52 Observe and record information
Lay out Machine Set up
Operator Method Equipment Used Working Condition
(speeds & feeds)

Communicate
With operator With Supervisor All People involved in the process

Divide the operation

Divide Operation to Tasks Break tasks into elements

Determine sample size

Observe & document results

Rate the operator

Determine allowance

Develop Time
 Work Sampling
Observations about work are collected at discrete time
intervals, either periodic or random.

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Work Sampling Steps

Identify the
Summarize,
Define Define the observers Collect Data
Design the analyze
Operation task who will do (as per
study and report
Tasks elements the design)
the results
Sampling
 PREDETERMINED TIME SYSTEM (PMTS)

Utilizes a Methods-Time Measurement that is used

primarily in industrial settings to determine the
standard time for completing an elemental task.

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PMTS Procedures

 MODAPTS
 MOST
 MTM
"Modular Arrangement of Predetermined Time Standards"

58 MODAPTS
 MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence
59 Technique )

Parameters: Categories:

• A= Action • Reach
Distance • Gain
• B= Body • Move
Motion • Place
• G= Gain • Return
Control
• P=
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MOST Procedure
Observe job/task

Determine
sequence(s) to use

Determine index
values

Add index values to

determine TMU

Multiply TMU by
10

Convert TMU to
seconds, minutes, hours
MTM (Methods Time Measurement)

MTM Categories
Reach

Move
Turn
Apply Pressure
Grasp
Position
Release
Disengage
Body Motions
Eye Motions

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Industrial Extension Service
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MTM
Tables
 Time Study -
Rules
• Don’t comment to the worker during the task

• Stand (don’t sit) beside the worker

• Write every event (even though it may seems not

important)- If not caught on camera

• Have a good position to observe/record

• Stop the study if the worker seems to be under

pressure and it affects his/her work
 Keys to Success

Involve
Employees
Have
Prepare and
information
Motivate
and manage
People
expectations
Success in
work
Measurement
Program
Benefits of Work Measurement

• Common Currency for the evaluation and

comparison of all types of work.
• Methods Improvement
• Performance Standard provision
• Allows for additional compensation for better
performance
• Cost reduction by focusing on productivity improvement &
elimination of waste in the process
“For the strength of the Pack is the Wolf,
and the strength of the Wolf is the Pack” “Rudyard Kipling”

Industrial Extension Service 69