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Fourier Series 2

The document discusses Fourier series for functions with an arbitrary period p=2L. It introduces a change of variable to replace x with (π/L)x to define the Fourier series over the interval [-L, L]. Even and odd functions are defined, and it is shown that the Fourier series of an even function contains only cosine terms, while an odd function contains only sine terms. The half range expansion is introduced to represent functions defined over a limited interval like [0,L] rather than the full period.

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184 views5 pages

Fourier Series 2

The document discusses Fourier series for functions with an arbitrary period p=2L. It introduces a change of variable to replace x with (π/L)x to define the Fourier series over the interval [-L, L]. Even and odd functions are defined, and it is shown that the Fourier series of an even function contains only cosine terms, while an odd function contains only sine terms. The half range expansion is introduced to represent functions defined over a limited interval like [0,L] rather than the full period.

Uploaded by

mrinvictusthefirst
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fourier series of function with arbitrary period p=2L

Instead of a period of 2, many functions have an arbitrary period,


say a period of 2L. In order to convert the Fourier series defined
earlier for these functions, a change of variable is needed:

Replace the variable x by (/L)x: when x=L the new variable


equals to ; when x= -L, it equals to - . Therefore, the previous
formulas can be used by simply making the change

n n
f ( x )  a0   [an cos( x )  bn sin( x )]
n 1 L L
1 L
a0  
2L L
f ( x )dx,

1 L n x
an   f ( x ) cos( )dx, n  1, 2 
L L L
1 L n x
bn   f ( x )sin( )dx, n  1, 2 
L L L
Even and Odd Functions
A function f(x) is even when f(x) = f(-x)
On the other hand, if f(x) = -f(-x), the function is an odd function.

An even function An odd function


f(x) f(x)

x x

Ex: cos(x) Ex: sin(x)


 If f(x) is an even function
L 0 L 0 L
-L
f(x)dx  
L
f ( x )dx   f ( x )dx   f (  x )d (  x )   f ( x )dx
0 L 0
0 L L
   f ( x )dx   f ( x )dx  2  f ( x )dx
L 0 0

 If f(x) is an odd function, then


L 0 L 0 L
-L
f ( x )dx  
L
f ( x )dx   f ( x )dx   f (  x )d (  x )   f ( x )dx
0 L 0
0 L
  f ( x )dx   f ( x )dx  0
L 0

 If f(x) is even and g(x) is odd, then


h(x)=f(x)g(x) is an odd function
h(x)=f(x)g(x)=f(-x)[-g(-x)]=-[f(-x)g(-x)]=-h(-x)
Fourier cosine and sine series
 The Fourier series of an even function f(x) of period 2L is
a "Fourier cosine series"

n
f ( x )  a0   [an cos( x )]
n 1 L

n 
n
f (  x )  a0   [an cos(  x )]  a0   [an cos( x )]  f ( x )
n 1 L n 1 L
 The Fourier series of an odd function g(x) of period 2L is
a "Fourier sine series"

n
g ( x )   [bn sin( x )]
n 1 L

n 
n
g (  x )   [bn sin(  x )]    [bn sin( x )]   g ( x )
n 1 L n 1 L
Half Range Expansion
Expansion is useful when a function is defined only on a given
interval, say between 0 and L. This situation is very common in
real life: For example, the vibration of a guitar string occurs only
between its bridge and tension peg.

expansion

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