MGNREGA
SMITA SINGH
BA ECONOMIC HONS
A20018222005
2ND SEMESTER
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY OF MGNREGA
3. OBJECTIVES OF MGNREGA
CONTENTS 4. IMPLIMENTATIONS OF MGNREGA
5. IMPACT OF MGREGA
6. CHALLENGES FACED BY
MGNREGA
7. CONCLUSION
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
01.
INTRODUCTIO
N
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a social welfare
program launched by the Indian government in 2005. The program aims to provide employment
opportunities to rural households, especially those belonging to the economically weaker sections of the
society. The program was initially launched in 200 districts of the country and gradually expanded to
cover all the districts of the country by the end of 2008. In this article, we will discuss the various
aspects of the MGNREGA program, including its history, objectives, implementation, impact, and
challenges.
02.
HISTORY OF
MGNREGA
The MGNREGA program was launched in 2005 as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(NREGA) by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government led by the Indian National Congress.
The program was renamed as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) in 2009 to commemorate the 140th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of
the Nation.The program was launched with the objective of providing employment opportunities to
rural households, especially those belonging to the economically weaker sections of the society. The
program aimed to provide at least 100 days of wage employment to every rural household that
demanded work. The program was designed to address the problem of unemployment and
underemployment in rural areas, which was a major cause of poverty and distress migration.
03.
OBJECTIVES
OF MGNREGA
The main objectives of the MGNREGA program are to enhance the livelihood security of rural
households by providing them with employment opportunities and to create sustainable assets in the
rural areas. The program aims to achieve the following objectives:
1. Employment generation: The primary objective of the MGNREGA program is to provide
employment opportunities to rural households. The program aims to provide at least 100 days of
wage employment to every rural household that demands work. The program provides a legal
guarantee of employment to the rural population and ensures that they are not subjected to
exploitation by the employers.
2. 2. Asset creation: The MGNREGA program aims to create sustainable assets in the rural areas. The
program emphasizes on the creation of assets that have a long-term impact on the rural economy
and can generate employment opportunities in the future. The assets created under the program
include water conservation structures, rural roads, and rural housing.
3. Empowerment of women: The MGNREGA program aims to empower women by providing them
with equal opportunities for employment and wage payment. The program mandates that at least one-
third of the total beneficiaries should be women, and the wages paid to them should be equal to that of
men.
4. Environmental sustainability: The MGNREGA program aims to promote environmental
sustainability by emphasizing on the creation of assets that are eco-friendly. The program encourages
the use of renewable energy sources and the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.
04.
IMPLEMENTATIONS
OF MGNREGA
The implementation of the MGNREGA program is a decentralized process, with the responsibility of
implementation lying with the state governments. The central government provides funding for the
program, and the state governments are responsible for the implementation of the program in their
respective states.
The implementation of the program is carried out through a three-tier structure consisting of the Gram
Panchayat, the Block, and the District levels. The Gram Panchayat is responsible for the identification
of beneficiaries, the verification of job cards, and the allocation of work. The Block level is responsible
for the supervision and monitoring of the work done by the Gram Panchayats, while the District level is
responsible for the overall management of the program.
The program is demand-driven, which means that the beneficiaries have the right to demand work, and
the Gram Panchayat is required to provide work within 15 days of the demand being made. The
program provides for the payment of wages within 15 days of the completion of work, failing which the
beneficiaries are entitled to compensation.
05.
IMPACT OF MGNREGA
The MGNREGA program has had a significant impact on the rural economy and the lives of the rural
population. The program has created employment opportunities for millions of rural households and
has provided a legal guarantee of employment to the rural population. The program has also created
sustainable assets in the rural areas, which have had a long-term impact on the rural economy.
The MGNREGA program has also had a positive impact on the empowerment of women. The program
mandates that at least one-third of the total beneficiaries should be women, which has led to the
increased participation of women in the workforce.
The program has also provided equal wage payment to women, which has helped in reducing the gender
wage gap.The program has also helped in reducing poverty and distress migration in rural areas. The
program has provided a source of income to the rural population, which has helped in reducing the
incidence of poverty. The program has also helped in reducing distress migration, as the rural
population now has a source of employment within their own villages.
The MGNREGA program has also had a positive impact on the environment. The program emphasizes
on the creation of eco-friendly assets, which has helped in promoting environmental sustainability. The
program has also encouraged the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, which has helped in
improving the productivity of agricultural land.
06.
CHALLENGES FACED
BY MGNREGA
Despite the success of the MGNREGA program, it faces several challenges in its implementation. Some
of the major challenges faced by the program are:
1. Delay in wage payment:
One of the major challenges faced by the program is the delay in wage payment. The program mandates
that wages should be paid within 15 days of the completion of work, but in many cases, the wages are
not paid on time. This has led to the disillusionment of the beneficiaries and has affected the credibility
of the program.
2. Corruption:
The program is prone to corruption at various levels of implementation. The Gram Panchayats and the
Block levelofficials are often accused of embezzlement of funds and manipulation of job card records.
This has led to the exclusion of genuine beneficiaries and has affected the efficacy of the program.
3. Lack of awareness:
Many beneficiaries are not aware of their entitlements under the program, which has led to the
underutilization of the program. The lack of awareness has also led to the exclusion of eligible
beneficiaries.
4. Inadequate funding:
The program is heavily dependent on the funding provided by the central government, and the
inadequate funding has affected the implementation of the program in many states. The inadequate
funding has also led to delays in wage payment and has affected the quality of assets created under the
program.
5. Limited scope:
The program covers only rural areas and excludes the urban poor. This has led to the exclusion of a
significant section of the population from the benefits of the program.
06.
CONCLUSION
The MGNREGA program has been a significant step towards addressing the problem of unemployment and poverty
in rural areas. The program has created employment opportunities for millions of rural households and has provided
a legal guarantee of employment to the rural population. The program has also created sustainable assets in the
rural areas, which have had a long-term impact on the rural economy.
However, the program faces several challenges in its implementation, such as the delay in wage payment, corruption,
lack of awareness, inadequate funding, and limited scope. These challenges need to be addressed to ensure the
effective implementation of the program.
The MGNREGA program has the potential to transform the rural economy and improve the standard of living of
the rural population. The program needs to be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by it and by
expanding its scope to cover the urban poor. The program also needs to focus on skill development and training to
enhance the employability of the rural population.
The success of the MGNREGA program depends on the effective implementation of the program at the grass-root
level. The program needs to be implemented in a transparent and accountable manner, with the active participation
of the beneficiaries. The program should be evaluated periodically to assess its impact and to identify areas for
improvement.
In conclusion, the MGNREGA program has been a significant step towards achieving inclusive growth and social
justice in rural areas. The program has the potential to transform the lives of the rural population and to create a
more equitable and sustainable society. The program needs to be strengthened and expanded to achieve
its full potential.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://navi.com/blog/guide-to-mgnrega/
https://www.insightsonindia.com/social-justice/issues-related-to-rural-development/mahatma-gandhi-national-rural-employm
ent-guarantee-act-mgnrega/impact-of-mgnrega/
https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-editorials/implementation-issues-with-the-mgnrega
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