CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
TRAINING
Module 6 – Working at Height
BANYU URIP PROJECT
EPC1 - Production Processing Facilities
Contract No. C-3207067
Lesson learn
Training Objectives
Upon completion of this module you will be able to:
Identify the risks of working at heights
Assess situations in which fall protection is required
Know where to access a tool box of resources for
assistance
Working at Heights
Facts
• Falls are the leading cause of death in the construction industry
• Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate that most fatalities occur when workers fall
from open-sided floors or through unguarded floor openings
• Falls from as little as 1.2m,1.8m can cause serious lost time injury and sometimes
death
Cumulative # of WAH Incidents
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
Jan-04
(2004 - 2007)
Jul-04
Jan-05
Jul-05
Jan-06
EMDC Working at Heights Incidents
Jul-06
•
5
Jan-07
Jul-07
EMDC Working at Heights Incidents (2004 - 2007)
Near Miss
Fatality First Aid Elevated Deck
MTI Ladders
64% Unbarricaded Floor
79% Opening
Scaffolding
LTI RWI
WORK SITUATION
INJURY SEVERITY
Yes, and
tied-off Yes, But not
tied-off
Unknown
51%
No
+
WORE FBH?
Question
You have just climbed all the way to here
Now you realize you’ll need a
FBH to access the component
you came to inspect.
• 7
What would you do?
A. Crawl outside of the scaffolding
B. Climb down, perform Job Safety Analysis, get Fall
Protection equipment, climb back up....???
Working at Heights Expectations
Training
Requirements Proper
Planning
Roles &
Equipment
Responsibilities
Selection
Management of
Safe Behaviors
Change
Emergency Partnership
Response Approach
Performance
Measurement
• 9
Working at Heights Safely
A fall protection system is used to protect workers from
falling
from elevated walking/working surfaces
Fall protection involves three key fundamental
methods
• The elimination of fall hazards
“E - P - C” • The prevention of fall hazards
• The control of fall hazards
• 10
Working at Heights Safely
Can you first eliminate the need to work at height?
Examples of engineering controls or alternative work
• Design for safety during constructability reviews / automate work
• MOST
• effective
tasks where possible
• Look for ways to perform construction, fabrication or other
activities at ground level
• Use equipment that eliminates fall hazards
• Use tool extensions to perform work from ground level
• LEAST
• Lower equipment and tools to ground level for maintenance or
• effective
repairs
Working at Heights Safely
Two major categories for fall protection systems:
Passive fall protection systems: You are not connected!
• Provide protection without any action by a worker
• Guardrails -Toeboards - Barricades – Safety Nets - Covers
Active fall protection systems: You are connected!
• Full-Body Harness (FBH) - Double Lanyards - SRLs
• 12
Equipment Selection and Use
Tie-Off Point
Connecting Line
Harness
• 13
Equipment Selection and Use
Harness
Personal Floatation
Device for Over Water
Full Body Harness (Supplementary)
• 14
Full Body Harness
• 15
Fall Protection Equipment
FBH without Shock Absorber
Condition
• Full Body Harness
• 1.8 M Lanyard
• No Shock Absorber
Potential Consequence
• 1500 Force
• 16
Fall Protection Equipment
FBH with Shock Absorber
Condition
• Full Body Harness
• 6-ft Lanyard
• Shock Absorber
Potential Consequence
• 408 KG Force
• 17
Don’t do this could be FATALITY
• 18
AV\filename.ppt
Equipment Selection and Use
Connecting Line
Twin-Tail Shock- Or Two Single Shock-
Absorbing Lanyard Absorbing Lanyards
Or Self-Retracting Lanyard
with possible Shock-Absorber
Equipment Selection and Use
Connecting Line
Rope Grab Work Positioning System
• 21
Equipment Selection and Use
Tie-Off Point
Clamps
2500KG
Capacity
Secured Handrail
Lifeline
• 22
Plan for Adequate Fall Distance
• Lanyard length (typically • Lengt
h of
Total the hight needed
1.8meter) lanya
rd
Shock Absorber (typically 1,8m
• Shock
up to 1 meter, dependent absor
ber
on shock load) •
1m
Ting
gi
man
Body length usia
1,8m
=
Tie-Off as High as Possible
Full Body Harness Best Practices
The Chest Strap should be high on
the chest and should be tight enough to
prevent the shoulder straps from falling
off the shoulders
The Dorsal D-Ring should be
located between the shoulder
blades.
Leg Loops should be tight, but not
uncomfortable.
The Sub-Pelvic Strap should
be located just below the
buttocks.
• 24
Rescue at Heights
Suspension Trauma
• Dizziness in as Little as 3
Minutes
• Loss of Consciousness in as
Little as 5 Minutes
• Death in as Little as 10
Minutes
• 25
Rescue at Heights
• 26
July 9, 2008 Fujian Refinery
25 M above ground
Recent step change in workforce compliance with 100% tie-off rule
• 27
July 9, 2008 Fujian Refinery
Rescued by 2 colleagues
within 2 minutes
• 28
#1 Rule
Design for NO Work at Heights
• Design for safety during constructability reviews /
automate work tasks where possible
• Look for ways to perform construction, fabrication or
other activities at ground level
• Use equipment that eliminates fall hazards
• Use tool extensions to perform work from ground level
• Lower equipment and tools to ground level for
maintenance or repairs
• 29
Mandatory Tie-Off
Scaffold Erection/Dismantling
• 30
Mandatory Tie-Off
Within 1.8 meter of Unprotected Edge of Elevated
Surface
• 31
Mandatory Tie-Off
Within 1.8 meter of an Unprotected Floor Penetration
• 32
Mandatory Tie-Off
Outside of Scaffold On Suspended Scaffold
• 33
Mandatory Tie-Off
On Sloping Roof Where there is potential to
Fall onto Sharp, Protruding
Objects (Eg. Rebar)
• 34
Mandatory Tie-Off
In Crane Baskets On Personnel Lifts
• 35
When to Wear a Full Body Harness
Whenever there is a need to Tie-Off
... and
• 36
When to Wear a Full Body Harness
Whenever on scaffold
• 37
When to Wear a Full Body Harness
Any other Situation where you could
potentially need to Tie-Off
• 38
Working at Heights Safely
Summary
Reduce the Need to Work At Heights
• During engineering design, pre-construction planning and/or pre-task
planning, reduce need to work at heights
• Redesign / automate existing work practices / processes
• Use mechanical means (elevated platforms, scissor lifts, cherry pickers,
snorkel lifts etc.)
• If working at heights can not be eliminated, assess the potential risk and use
the appropriate fall arrest system
• 39
Working at Heights Safely
Summary (Cont’d)
Recognizing Common Hazards and Preventative Requirements
• Working at Heights involves various work activities where the risk of falling exists e.g.
scaffolds, roofs, openings in floors / walls
• Mitigation to prevent falls are through the use of physical barriers and / monitoring the
hazard
• Use of PFAS and understanding anchorage and calculating distance assures a proper
system is in place
• Use of JSA and Step Back 5x5 to assess hazards
• Institute the best fall protection methods that fit the work
• Have a good rescue plan in place and know the rescue technique you’ll be using before
beginning working at height
• 40
THANK YOU
“Nobody Gets Hurt”
