SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY &

SOCIETY
UENR 202
LECTURER:
DR. AMOS APRAKU
OTHER GUEST LECTURERS FROM UENR AND
INDUSTRY
 CLASS POLICIES AND REGULATIONS

› Attend all classes and participate fully

› Submit all assignments, tests, and projects for
the class
› Show respect and decorum in class at all times
› Silence or turn your phones off
› Follow the University Honour Code
 Show absolute integrity and honesty
in all dealings – no copying!!!!
› Address all concerns and grievances to the
appropriate quarters
27/11/2023 2
 COURSE OUTLINE
Objectives

 The course will foster the broad familiarity

with key advances in science and
technology;

 Appreciate scientific thoughts and

application of science and technology and

 The demand for science and technology

for advancement,
 Module 1:
 A general overview of the application of
science and technology in everyday life,
 Is Science an art?
 Does a method define what science is
about?
 EMMERGING ISSUES
Technology Transfer- the transfer of new
technology from the originator to a secondary
user, especially from developed to developing
countries in an attempt to boost their economies.
Appropriate technology- any process, ideas, or
practice that enhances human fulfilment through
satisfaction of human needs.
Cont’d
 Environmental Issues - Pollution - Air, water,
heat and noise pollution can all be caused by
producing and using technology.
 Consuming resources - Non-renewable

resources, including precious metals like gold, are

used to make technology; coal to generate the
electricity to use technology.
 Perspectives/Considerations

• Social response to technological changes-

• Breakthroughs and Risk
• Stability of traditional social institutions
• The Technologist responsibility for the future
of the society
WHAT IS STS?
 STS has become an
interdisciplinary field that is
creating an integrative
understanding of the origins,
dynamics, and consequences
of science and technology on
society.
What is STS?
 Thus, STS is an interdisciplinary
field that studies the conditions
under which the production,
distribution and utilization of
scientific knowledge and
technological systems occur; the
consequences of these activities
upon different groups of people.
What is STS
• STS is a relatively new academic field.
• Its roots lie in the interwar period and
continue into the start of the Cold
War.
• Historians and sociologists of science,
and scientists themselves, became
interested in the relationship between
scientific knowledge, technological
systems, and society.
WHAT IS STS?
 However, STS as seen today as an
academic field is not a narrow
academic endeavour: STS scholars
engage activists, scientists, doctors,
decision makers, engineers, and other
stakeholders on matters of equity,
policy, politics, social change, national
development, and socio-economic
transformation.
What is STS?
• From a philosophical point of view,
Thomas Kuhn’s classic 1962 study,
The Structure of Scientific
Revolutions, helped crystallize a new
approach to historical and social studies of
science, in which scientific facts were seen
as products of scientists’ socially
conditioned investigations rather than as
objective representations of nature.
What is STS?
 Kuhn (American historian and
Philosopher of science)
introduced the term/concept
‘paradigm shift’ to preach his
conviction/idea of
new/different way doing
things scientifically.
 Why STS?
• STS, as practiced in academia today, merges two
broad streams of scholarship
 The first consists of research on the nature and
practices of science and technology (S&T)
 The second stream concerns itself more with the
impacts and control of science and technology, with
particular focus on the risks, benefits and
opportunities that S&T pose to peace, security,
community, democracy, environmental sustainability,
and human values.
 Why STS?
• The recognition that specialization in today’s
research universities does not fully prepare
future citizens to respond knowledgeably and
reflectively to the most important challenges
of the contemporary world.
• STS seeks to overcome the divisions,
particularly between the two cultures of
humanities (interpretive inquiry) and natural
sciences (rational analysis).
 Why STS?
• STS teaching seeks to promote cross-disciplinary
integration, civic engagement, and critical thinking.
• Helps to illuminate issues of professional
responsibility and ethics.
• Helps build bridges between disciplines that do not
ordinarily meet each other in the undergraduate
curriculum.
• Provides the appreciation that collectively, we are
producers and users of science and technology.
Student Oriented Nature of
STS
 How do we define science?
CONTENT: Body of organized knowledge
about nature. From Latin scientia - knowledge
METHOD: Of obtaining that knowledge,
experiment, observation, hypothesis, theory,
law
ATTITUDE: Organized and systematic
skepticism
How do we define science?
GOALS: Explanation, understanding, prediction,
control
LANGUAGE: Mathematics and technical
vocabulary
TOOLS: Uses Instruments and technologies
COMMUNITY: Discipline, education, credentials,
careers, patrons,
societies, “turf”
How do we define science?
PROCESS: Organized, but very diverse
activity shaped by social forces and historical
change
WHAT IS SCIENCE ? A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
 History of Science: Before 1600s
“Natural philosophy” (science) and religion
inseparable
“Science” conducted by ministers, priests, &
laymen
Results of “science” intended to support
religious perspectives
Church was the ultimate authority
 History: 1600-1650
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
The third and most noble ambition
for man was “to establish and
extend the power and dominion of
the human race over the
universe....We cannot command
Nature except by obeying her and
understanding her.”
History: 1600-1650

New Natural Philosophy =

a new way of knowing: through a new
authority – observation and rationalism,
not scriptures and social position goal of
dominion over nature; indifference
towards responsibility for nature avoids
religion, politics, morals, etc.
Supported by kings and leaders of state
 History: 1600-1650

The Counter-Reformation and much

change
Church and state separating as

authorities
Natural philosophers increasingly

outspoken & independent

Hooke, Descartes, Huygens, Boyle,

Bacon, Galileo

Lord Cromwell
 History: 1600s

1662 – The Royal Society

(England)
1666 - Academie de Science

(France)

(Science became institutionalized)

 History: 1700s & United States

Industrialization (“practical
science” vs “science”)
Science training for college prep
Elite knowledge
Sciences mostly integrated
 History: 1800s in the US
 Increasing separation of
domains of science
 1820s-1870s: “natural
philosophy” (physical science)
& “natural history” (biology &
geology)
 1860s: Civil War resulting in
emphasis on vocational &
military aspects of science
 1886: Harvard “The
Descriptive List”
 History: 1900s in US
1915: science for general education
◦Emphasis on content
◦Emphasis on “experiments”
1930s: Learning by doing (process
orientation), impacts on science &
social studies
Late 1950s: Sputnik shows need for

science interest & knowledge: inquiry

 History: 1900s

1960s: science & social studies reform

emphasis on inquiry and personal
understanding
1981: Project Synthesis, emphasis on inquiry
1990s: Nationally endorsed science & social
studies standards
 WHAT IS THE CURRENT POLICY ON SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN GHANA?

 LET US FIRST LOOK AT TECHNOLOGY

 What is technology?

Is a hammer an example of technology?

 What is technology?


How people change the world
around them to meet their needs
and solve practical problems.


The goal of technology is to
improve the way people live.
 Five Time Frames of Technology
1.Obsolete - no longer used
2.Current
3.Coexisting
4.Emerging
5.New
 Six Major Areas of Technology

1. Manufacturing Technology
2. Biological and Chemical Technology
3. Energy and Power Technology
4. Construction Technology
5. Communication Technology
6. Transportation Technology
Manufacturing Technology
Biological and Chemical
Technology
Energy and Power Technology
Construction Technology
Communication Technology
Transportation Technology
Technology as a System

All
systems have one thing in common:
They are made of parts that work together.

A technological system includes...


A goal

Inputs

Processes

Outputs

Feedback (in some cases)
Technology as a System

Technological systems are designed to

achieve a particular goal, or purpose.
An input is something that is put into
system
in order to reach that goal.
Technology as a System

The process is a sequence of actions that

the system undergoes.
An output is a result or product.
Feedback is information a system uses to
monitor the input, process, and output so
that the system can adjust itself to meet the
goal.
Cycles: A Simple System
 Individually... Devise a Plan

1. Study the bicycle picture in terms of a

technological system.
2. Identify the components of the system,
including the goal, inputs, processes and
outputs.
Record these components on a separate sheet of
paper.
3. Evaluate whether the system has a feedback
component. Record your ideas on the separate
sheet of paper and share them with the class.
Present to the Class
Technology's Impact on Society

Technological advances have done much to

move societies forward.
In addition to positive effects, technology can
have negative consequences.
Impacts: Positive vs. Negative


Positive Impacts...
 Impacts: Positive vs. Negative


Negative
Impacts...
 Actual Warnings from Raid

PRECAUTIONS: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. Cover fish bowls and remove
pets for one hour when spraying rooms. Avoid inhalation. Cover food and food
utensils. Do not spray directly on skin or pets. KEEP FROM FREEZING. CONTENTS
UNDER PRESSURE. Do not puncture or incinerate container or store at
temperatures over 50 deg. C. Do not place in hot water or near radiators, stoves
or other sources of heat.
FIRST AID: If on skin or clothing, take off contaminated clothing. Rinse skin

immediately with plenty of water for 15–20 minutes. Call a poison control center
or doctor for treatment advice. If accidentally swallowed, call a poison control
center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. Do not induce vomiting
unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. Do not give any liquid
to the person. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If
inhaled, move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, Call 911 or an
ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to mouth, if
possible. Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. If in
eyes, hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15–20 minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing
eye. Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. Take container,
label or product name and Pest Control Product Registration Number with you
Actual Warnings from Raid

PRECAUTIONS: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF

CHILDREN.
Cover fish bowls and remove pets for one

hour when spraying rooms.

Avoid inhalation.
Cover food and food utensils.
Do not spray directly on skin or pets.
Actual Warnings from Raid

KEEP FROM FREEZING. CONTENTS UNDER

PRESSURE.
Do not puncture or incinerate container or

store at temperatures over 50 deg. C.

Do not place in hot water or near radiators,

stoves or other sources of heat.

 Actual Warnings from Raid

FIRST AID: If on skin or clothing, take off

contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for

15–20 minutes.
Call a poison control center or doctor for

treatment advice.
If accidentally swallowed, call a poison control

center or doctor immediately for treatment advice.

Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a

poison control center or doctor.

Actual Warnings from Raid

Do not give any liquid to the person.

Do not give anything by mouth to an

unconscious person.
If inhaled, move person to fresh air.

If person is not breathing, Call 911 or an

ambulance, then give artificial respiration,

preferably by mouth-to mouth, if possible.
Call a poison control center or doctor for

further treatment advice.

Actual Warnings from Raid

If in eyes, hold eye open and rinse slowly

and gently with water for 15–20 minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present, after the

first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye.

Call a poison control center or doctor for

treatment advice.
Take container, label or product name and

Pest Control Product Registration Number

with you when seeking medical attention.
 Analyzing Risks and Benefits


In deciding whether to use a
particular technology - how to use it
- people must analyze its possible
risks and benefits.
 Analyzing Risks and Benefits


The process of risk-benefit analysis
involves evaluating the possible problems, or risks,
of a technology compared to the
expected advantages, or benefits.

This analysis requires logical thinking and
common sense. Often, human values must
be considered
 Analyzing Risks and Benefits

Check out the Risks and the Benefits

of Cell Phone Usage.
Homework for
Tonight
 System Theory and
Problem Solving

Brainstorming is a method for developing

creative solutions to problems. It works by
focusing on a problem, and then deliberately
coming up with as many deliberately unusual
solutions as possible and by pushing the ideas as
far as possible. One approach to brainstorming is
to 'seed' the session with a word pulled randomly
from a dictionary. This word as a starting point in
the process of generating ideas.
During the brainstorming session there is
no criticism of ideas - the idea is to open
up, as
many possibilities as possible, and break
down preconceptions about the limits of
the problem. Once this has been done the
results of the brainstorming session can be
analyzed and the best solution can be
explored either using further brainstorming
or more conventional solutions.
 Objectives
After completing this unit, you will:
Understand the difference between
a problem and cause of a problem
Solve a problem using system
thinking or brainstorming
technique
 Problem Solving Theory
A problem is decided by purpose
Therefore, in order to identify a
problem, you must clarify the purpose
and strategies to solve the problem
Problem Solving is not necessarily
logical or rational. Creativity and
flexibility are other important factors
 Purpose
Purpose: Is what we want to do
Problem solvers frequently forget to confirm
Purpose, as the first step of Problem Solving
Without clear purpose, we can not think about
the problem

Cause
Cause is what brings about a problem
Some problem solvers do not distinguish
causes from problems
 Solvable Cause
When we solve a problem, we
should focus on solvable cause
Finding solvable cause is another
essential step in Problem Solving
Solution: Solution is a specific
action to solve a problem
 Problem Solving
(Rational)
Set the ideal situation
Identify a current situation
Break down the problem to its causes
Decide on alternative solution to the causes
Evaluate, and choose the reasonable solution
Implement the solution
 Brainstorming

Brainstorming is a method for

developing creative solutions to
problems
It works by focusing on a problem, and
then deliberately coming up with as
many solutions as possible, and by
pushing the ideas as far as possible
 How to Brainstorm
A leader should take control of the session
Define the problem
Set criteria that must be met
Generate ideas - no criticism of ideas
Evaluated ideas during the brainstorming
session
Record all ideas
 Conception Thinking
To be visual
To write down what we think
Use cards to draw, write and
arrange ideas in many ways
Change positions, forms, and
viewpoints- physically and mentally
 Convergent & Divergent
Thinking
When we want to be creative, we
focus more divergent ideas
In contrast, when we summarize
ideas, we focus more on
convergent idea
 Time order thinking

Thinking based on a time order is

very convenient, when we are
confused with Problem Solving, we
can think based on a time order
from the past to the present
 Systems Theory and
Thinking
Systems thinking is a more scientific
Problem Solving approach
We set the system and analyze them
Investigate both the principles common
to all complex entities, and the Model
which can be used to describe or solve
the problem
 How the system works

Input
Process
Output
Result/Impact
 Systems Theory
A system is an organized structure
Not just a collection of parts
Once organized, the system has
properties that are not present when
the parts were separate
All things can be viewed as a system
and/or as part of a system
 Systems Theory
Certain principles apply to all systems while other principles are
unique to specific types of systems
All parts of a system are interconnected and affect other systems to
varying degrees
All systems are constantly changing and are in dynamic balance with
each other

Basic Concepts of a System

A system contains a structure of organized components of different
types
No system exists in isolation
A system interfaces with other systems that may be of a similar or
different type
 Basic Concepts of a
System
Time is a significant dimension in a
system, and different effects may
occur over time
A system exerts a feed-forward effect
upon a second system. This effect
may be positive or negative.
 Basic Concepts of a
System
Because systems are very complex and impacted
by an infinite number of other systems, We can
never attain total predictability of effects. Such a
view is an open systems model
In contrast, a closed system model assumes that
a finite number of variables impact an outcome,
therefore, outcome is totally predictable
What is Brainstorming?
How do you Review
decide onQuestions
what
constitutes a problem?
How does a system work?
The SGDs
 On 25 September 2015, the UN General Assembly
adopted the new development agenda
“Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for
sustainable development”
 The 17 goals of the new development
agenda integrate all three dimensions
of sustainable development
(economic, social and environmental)
around the themes of people, planet,
prosperity, peace and partnership.
SDGs cont’d
 The SDGs seek to continue to prioritize the fight
against poverty and hunger, while also focusing on
human rights for all, and the empowerment of
women and girls as part of the push to achieve
gender equality.
 They also build upon the MDGs in order to tackle
the “unfinished business” of the MDG era.
 The SDGs recognize that eradicating poverty and
inequality, creating inclusive economic growth and
preserving the planet are inextricably and
dynamically linked.
 The link is again reciprocal in nature
The 17 SDGs
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
2. End hunger, achieve food security and
improved nutrition and promote sustainable
agriculture.
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being
for all at all ages.
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all.
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all
women and girls.
Cont’d
6. Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all.
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all.
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and
sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for
all.
9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote
inclusive and sustainable industrialization and
foster innovation.
10. Reduce inequality within and among
Cont’d
11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive,
safe, resilient and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate change
and its impacts.
14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas
and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
Cont’d
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies
for sustainable development, provide access
to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all
levels.
17. Strengthen the means of implementation
and revitalize the global partnership for
sustainable development.
 Acknowledging that the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change
is the primary international,
intergovernmental forum for negotiating the
General Overview of the Application of Science in
Everyday Life

I900
The zeppelin/airship
invented by
Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.
 I900

Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Reno's

escalator and invented the modern escalator.
 1901

King Camp Gillette

invents the
double-edged
safety razor.
 1901
The first radio receiver,
successfully received a radio transmission.
 1901
Hubert Booth invents a compact and
modern vacuum cleaner.
 1902

Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner.

 1902
The lie detector or polygraph machine is
invented by James Mackenzie.
1902

The birth of the Teddy Bear.

 1902
George Claude invented
neon light.
 1903

Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-

invent crayons.
 1903
Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael
J. Owens.

A ten-arm Owens
automatic bottle
machine, ca 1910,
photo by Jacob
Riis.
 1903
The Wright brothers invent
Orville the
and first gas
Wilbur Wright in 1905
motored and manned airplane.
1903

Mary Anderson invents

windshield wipers.

Patent drawing
Mary Anderson's
windshield wiper
1903

William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten

used in lightbulbs.
 1904

Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan.

1904

Benjamin Holt invents a tractor.

Testing gasoline-powered Caterpillar prototype in

Mormon Slough, Stockton, California, ca. 1906.
1904

John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or

Fleming valve.

Modern vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style

1905

Albert Einstein published the Theory of

Relativity and made famous the equation,
E = mc2.
Mary Anderson receives a patent for
windshield wipers.
 1906

William Kellogg
invents Cornflakes.
1906

Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like

device.
Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying
tube (triode).
 1907

Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic

called Bakelite.
1907

Color photography invented by Auguste and

Louis Lumiere.
The very first piloted helicopter was
invented by Paul Cornu.
 1908

The gyrocompass
invented by Elmer A.
Sperry.
1908

Cellophane invented by Jacques E.

Brandenberger.

Loaf of bread in clear

Cellophane package -
Cellophane is the registered
trademark of Innovia Films Ltd
of Cumbria UK
 1908 Model T first sold
.
1908

J W Geiger and W Müller invent the geiger

counter.

Schematic of a Geiger counter using an

"end window" tube for low penetration
radiation.
 1908
Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for
making artificial nitrates.[/liu]
 1970

The daisy-wheel printer invented.

The floppy disk invented by Alan Shugart.
 1971

The dot-matrix printer invented.

The food processor invented.
The liquid-crystal display (LCD) invented by
James Fergason.
The microprocessor invented by Faggin, Hoff
and Mazor.
VCR or videocassette invented.
 1972

The word processor invented.

Pong first video game invented by Nolan
Bushnell.
Hacky Sack invented by John Stalberger and
Mike Marshall.
 1973

Gene splicing invented.

The ethernet (local computer network) invented
by Robert Metcalfe and Xerox.
Bic invents the disposable lighter.
 1974

The post-it notes invented by Arthur Fry.

Giorgio Fischer, a gynecologist from Rome,
Italy, invents liposuction.
 1975

The laser printer invented.

The push-through tab on a drink can invented.
 1976

The ink-jet printer invented.

 1977

Magnetic resonance imaging invented by

Raymond V. Damadian.
 1978

Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston invented

the VisiCalc spreadsheet.
The artificial heart Jarvik-7 invented by Robert
K. Jarvik.
 1979

Cell phones invented.

Cray supercomputer invented by Seymour Cray.
Walkman invented.
Scott Olson invents roller blades.
1980s

Many of the most popular

consumer products still around
today were invented in the 80s
for example: cell phones and
home computers.
 1980s
 The 80s saw the rise of the multi-national
corporations, while the growth rate during
the 80s was 3.2% per year, the highest 9 year
rate in American history, a complex
combination of causes (economic, financial,
legislative and regulatory) led to the
extraordinary number of bank failures in the
80s. And a new definition of the expression
"corporate greed" was found.
 1980

The hepatitis-B vaccine invented.

 1981

MS-DOS invented.
The first IBM-PC invented.
The scanning tunneling microscope invented
by Gerd Karl Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.
 1982

Human growth hormone genetically

engineered.
 1983

The Apple Lisa invented.

Soft bifocal contact lens invented.
First Cabbage Patch Kids sold.
Programmer Jaron Lanier first coins the term
"virtual reality".
 1984

The CD-ROM invented.

The Apple Macintosh invented.
 1985

Windows program invented by Microsoft.

 1986

A high-temperature super-conductor invented

by J. Georg Bednorz and Karl A. Muller.
Synthetic skin invented by G. Gregory Gallico,
III.
Fuji introduced the disposable camera.
 1987

The first 3-D video game invented.

Disposable contact lenses invented.
1988

Digital cellular phones invented.

The RU-486 (abortion pill) invented.
Doppler radar invented by Christian
Andreas Doppler.
Prozac invented at the Eli Lilly Company by
inventor Ray Fuller.
The first patent for a genetically engineered
animal is issued to Harvard University
researchers Philip Leder and Timothy Stewart.
Ralph Alessio and Fredrik Olsen received a
patent for the Indiglo nightlight. The bluish
green light is used to illuminate the entire
face of a watch.
 1989

High-definition television invented.

The 90s saw the invention of the internet and
the rise of Microsoft.
The 90s also saw the invention of genetic
engineering, as well as cloning, and stem cell
research.
 1990

The World Wide Web and Internet protocol

(HTTP) and WWW language (HTML) created
by Tim Berners-Lee.
 1991

The digital answering machine invented.

 1992

The smart pill invented.

 1993

The pentium processor invented.

 1994

HIV protease inhibitor invented.

 1995

The Java computer language invented.

DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video
Disc) invented.
 1996

Web TV invented.
 1997

The gas-powered fuel cell invented.

 1998

Viagra invented.
 1999

Scientists measure the fastest wind speed ever

recorded on earth, 509 km/h(318 mph).
Tekno Bubbles patented.
 Modern Inventions of 2000

The mystery of Ginger.

Environmentally friendly transformer fluid from
vegetable oils invented by T.V. Oommen.
FluidSense infusion pump invented (automatic
and standardized intravenous applicator).
 Modern Inventions of 2001

 AbioCor artificial heart invented by Abiomed

- the Abiocor represents groundbreaking
medical miniaturization technology.
Nuvaring birth control invented by Organon.
 Artificial liver invented by Dr. Kenneth
Matsumura and Alin Foundation.
 Fuel cell bike invented by Aprilia.
 Self-cleaning windows invented by PPG
Industries.
On October 23, 2001 Apple Computers
publicly announced their portable music
digital player the iPod, created under project
codename Dulcimer.
Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year
2001
 Modern Inventions of 2002

Braille Glove invented by Ryan Patterson.

Phone tooth invented by James Auger and
Jimmy Loizeau.
Nano-tex - nanotechnology wearable fabrics
invented by Nano-tex LLC.
Birth control patch invented by Ortho McNeil
Pharmaceutical.
Foveon Camera Chip invented by Richard
Merrill.
Date Rape Drug Spotter invented by Francisco
Guerra.
Solar Tower invented by Jorg Schlaich.
Virtual keyboard invented by Canesta and VKB.
ICOPOD invented by Sanford Ponder.
Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year
2002
 Modern Inventions of 2003

Optical Camouflage System invented by

Susumu Tachi, Masahiko Inami, and Naoki
Kawakami
Toyota's Hybrid Car
Ice Bike invented by Dan Hanebrink
New Toy Robots Max the robotic cat invented
by Omron, LUCKY, THE ROVING ROBO-
RAPTOR invented by Walt Disney
Imagineering, and Sony builds Aibo a
companion called Orio.
New Fabrics, Salmon Skin Leather invented by
Claudia Escobar and Skini, and Luminex a
glowing fabric invented by Luminex.
Java Log a log for your fireplace made from
used coffee grinds and invented by Rod
Sprules
Infrared Fever Screening System used in public
buildings to scan for people with a high
temperature from a fever or sars invented
by Singapore Technologies Electronics and
the Singapore Defense Science and
Technology Agency
The No-Contact Jacket invented by Adam
Whiton and Yolita Nugent, protects the
wearer by electric shocking any attackers.
Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year
2003
Popular Science Best of What's New 2003
 Modern Inventions of 2004

Adidas 1 are the thinking shoes with a built in

microprocessor that decides how soft or firm
support the wearer needs. Chosen by Popular
Science magazine as the best recreation
invention of 2004.
Translucent Concrete developed by Hungarian
architect Aron Losonczi and
called LitraConand is based on a matrix of
parallel optical glass fibers embedded into
the concrete that can transmit light and color
from the outside. However, this is not the
only translucent concrete out there.
Inventor Bill Price has been developing
another variety.
Ka-on or Flower Sound are plants that play
music invented by the Japanese based Let's
Corporation. Flowers bouquets will act as
loudspeakers when placed in a special vase
that has electronics hidden in the base.
Intel Express Chipsets - Grantsdale and
Alderwood are the code names of Intel's
newest chips that will provide superior and
inexpensive built-in sound and video
capacities for the PC including the ability to
do high definition video editing without
additional computer cards.
 SonoPrep invented by bioengineer Robert
Langer, is a device that will deliver medication
by sound waves rather than injection.
 According to the Sontra Medical Corporation,
SonoPrep's manufacturer: The small, battery-
powered device applies low-frequency
ultrasonic energy to the skin for 15 seconds.
 The ultrasound temporarily rearranges lipids in
the skin, opening channels that let fluids be
delivered or extracted. After about 24 hours,
the skin returns to normal.
Popular Science Best of What's New 2004
Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year
2004
 Modern Inventions of 2005

YouTube - the online video sharing and

viewing community - was invented in 2005
by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley and Jawed Karim.
YouTube was named Time Magazines
Invention of the year in 2006.
Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year
2005
 Modern Inventions of 2006

Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year

2006
Popular Science Best of What's New 2006
 Modern Inventions of 2007

Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year

2007
Popular Science Best of What's New 2007
 Modern Inventions of 2008

New inventions of 2008 include: smog-earing

cement, high altitude flying windmills, bionic
contacts, pig-urine plastic.
Inventors' Pick for Top Inventions of 2008
Time Magazine Modern Inventions of the Year
2008
Popular Science Best of What's New 2008
 Modern Inventions of 2009

New inventions of 2009 include: a new

computer interface called the sixth sense,
and a retinal implant for the blind.Inventors'
Pick for Top Inventions of 2009
 Modern Inventions of 2011

New inventions of 2011 include: fabrics made

from raw milk, a new kind of photography, an
electronic bloodhound, the world's smallest
ink jet printer.
Hover bikes and laser lights: The
sci-fi future of cycling
AEROGEL
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