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Countable and Uncountable Set

The document discusses countable and uncountable sets. A set is countable if it is finite or equivalent to the natural numbers. Countable infinite sets include the integers and rational numbers. Uncountable sets cannot be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers, such as the real numbers between 0 and 1. Some properties of countable sets are that subsets and finite unions of countable sets are also countable.

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Kalim Ullah Marwat
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795 views9 pages

Countable and Uncountable Set

The document discusses countable and uncountable sets. A set is countable if it is finite or equivalent to the natural numbers. Countable infinite sets include the integers and rational numbers. Uncountable sets cannot be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers, such as the real numbers between 0 and 1. Some properties of countable sets are that subsets and finite unions of countable sets are also countable.

Uploaded by

Kalim Ullah Marwat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Countable and Uncountable set

Student I.D : LX20230512103


Name : Kalim ullah
Lecturer: Prof. Cheng Xing

College of Science
Table of contents

01 04
Preliminary Example

02 05
Countable set Property

03 06
Uncountable Conclusion
Equivalent set
Two sets A and B are said to be equivalent if they have the same cardinality
i.e. n(A) = n(B). OR
Two set A and B is called equivalent if and only if there exist a
bijective function Between them.
• For any set A, A~A
• If A~B then B~A
• For any set A,B and C. If A ~B and B~C then A~C
We can write it A~B

Cardinality

For example,
set A = {5, 10, 15, 20} is equivalent to set B= {w, x, y, z}. Each set
contains four elements. n(A) = n(B)
Doubts
What is the difference between infinite set and
uncountable set?

Infinite set
Countably infinite set

For example set of Real number is infinite set


But Z is Countably infinite set
Cardinality of a set
The cardinality of a set is a measure of a set’s size, meaning the
number of elements in the set.

For a set A its cardinality is denoted ∣A∣ or n(A).

For example,
set A = {5, 10, 15, 20} is equivalent to set B= {w, x, y, z}. Each set
contains four elements. n(A) = n(B)
Finite and infinite set
Consider A is a set.
Then A is finite if A is empty set or A~ { 1,2,3,…,n} for some n€N.

● A subset of the Finite set


● The union of two finite sets
● The power set of a finite set

A set A is called infinite set If a set is not finite.

Denumerable set:
A set A is said to be denumberable set if A is equivalent to N. It is also called
countably infinite set.
Countable And Uncountable set
A set E is said to be countable if E is either finite or countably
infinite.

A set E is said to be countably infinite if E is equipotent to N.

A set that is not countable is said to be uncountable.

Basic examples of countably infinite sets.


(a) N, Z, Q;
(b) N×N, N×N×N,Q×Q etc

Basic examples of uncountable sets.


[0, 1], R, C, (0,1),
Examples
Q[x] the set of all polynomials with indeterminate x and with coefficients in
Q. Q[x]\{0}∼N.

The integers Z form a countable set. A bijection from Z to N is given by


f(k) + 2k if k ≥ 0 and f(k) = 2(−k) + 1 if k < 0. So, f maps 0, 1, 2, 3… to
0, 2, 4, 6… and f maps −1, −2, −3, −4… to 1, 3, 5, 7….

The Algebraic Numbers


A real number x is called algebraic if x is the root of a polynomial equation
c0 + c1x + … + cnx
n where all the c’s are integers.
Some Properties

• Every subset of a countable set is countable.

• Every infinite set contains a countably infinite subset.

• If A and B are countable sets then A ∪ B is countable.

• If A1, A2, . . . , An are countable sets, then ∪Ai is countable.

• N × N is countably infinite.

• If A and B are countable then A × B is countable.

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