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Active vs. Hidden Viruses Explained

Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They enter cells and take over the cell's functions to produce more viruses, which then burst out and infect other cells. Viruses come in different shapes and have either a protein coat or genetic material. They can only infect the specific host cells that they are adapted for. Active viruses immediately take over host cells to reproduce, while hidden viruses integrate into the host cell's genome and lay dormant. Jenner discovered the first vaccine by inoculating people with cowpox to protect them from smallpox.

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Alaa Awad
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Topics covered

  • epidemiology,
  • scientific discovery,
  • virus definition,
  • polio,
  • hepatitis,
  • virus mutation,
  • viral outbreaks,
  • virus-host interaction,
  • Tobacco Mosaic Virus,
  • virus lifecycle
84 views20 pages

Active vs. Hidden Viruses Explained

Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They enter cells and take over the cell's functions to produce more viruses, which then burst out and infect other cells. Viruses come in different shapes and have either a protein coat or genetic material. They can only infect the specific host cells that they are adapted for. Active viruses immediately take over host cells to reproduce, while hidden viruses integrate into the host cell's genome and lay dormant. Jenner discovered the first vaccine by inoculating people with cowpox to protect them from smallpox.

Uploaded by

Alaa Awad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • epidemiology,
  • scientific discovery,
  • virus definition,
  • polio,
  • hepatitis,
  • virus mutation,
  • viral outbreaks,
  • virus-host interaction,
  • Tobacco Mosaic Virus,
  • virus lifecycle

VIRUSES

What is a virus?
• A tiny, non-living
particle.

• Enters cells, takes


over and reproduces
inside of them.

• An invader of cells.
Characteristics of Viruses
• Are not cells.

• Do not use their own energy to grow or


respond to their surroundings.

• Can not make food or waste.

• Viruses can and do multiply


HOST

Viruses can ONLY multiply inside of a


living HOST CELL.
HOST = an organism that
provides a source of energy
for a virus or another
organism.

PARASITE = an organism
that lives on or in a host
and causes harm.
Viral Shapes

Bacteriophage
• A virus that only
infects bacteria.
Examples of Viruses
Viruses are VERY small and can not be seen
without a powerful microscope.
Viruses have a protein coat and genetic material.
How come we can not
get the Tobacco Mosaic
Virus?

• Viruses can only infect


the host that they are
intended for.

• The proteins on the surface of the virus


fit the proteins on the surface of a host
cell like this key fits this lock.
Active Viruses
1. Enter cell.

2. Take over cell functions.

3. Produces more viruses.

4. Cell bursts releasing lots of new viruses.

5. Those viruses infect more cells.


What is the difference
between an active and hidden
virus?
• The genetic material of a hidden virus can “hide”
inside of the cell.

• It is undetected or hidden so the cell can not attack


the virus!

• You can NEVER get rid of a hidden virus…EVER.


Jenner

Creator of 1st vaccine


with smallpox
Injected a little boy
with live cow pox.

Sent him into a


smallpox infected
area.
Vaccines of Today
• Measles
• Mumps
• Rubella
• Polio
• Flu
• Chicken Pox*
• HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)*
• Hepitis
• Rabies
Questions to Accompany Viruses Power Point
1. What is a virus?

2. Is virus alive?

3. Name 2 characteristics of viruses.

4. What is the difference between a host and a parasite?

5. List 3 viruses that were named in the presentation.

6. Can a tobacco mosaic virus infect a human? Why or why not.

7. What is the difference between an active virus and a hidden virus?

8. What did the scientist named Jenner discover?


Answer Key
1. What is a virus?
A virus is a non-living particle that takes over a host cell and reproduces.

2. Is virus alive?
That is still debated. It is generally considered non-living because it cannot
reproduce on its own.

3. Name 2 characteristics of viruses.


Are not cells, cannot make food or waste, do not use their own energy.

4. What is the difference between a host and a parasite?


The host is infected and harmed by the parasite. It takes over the cell and
uses the cell to its own benefit.
5. List 3 viruses that were named in the presentation.
Ebola, Hanta, Smallpox, Flu…

6. Can a tobacco mosaic virus infect a human? Why or why not.


No it cannot. The host range for that virus is a plant. It might be able to
infect different types of plants but not animals.

7. What is the difference between an active virus and a hidden virus?


An active virus gets into the cells of the host and makes new viruses. The host
cells are destroyed very quickly. A hidden virus gets into the genetic material
of the host cell. It can wait for a very long time to become active. Even when
it does, other cells are already infected with hidden viruses and do not
become active.

8. What did the scientist named Jenner discover?


Jenner is credited with creating the very first vaccine (using cowpox).

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