ELEMENTS OF THE
COMPUTER SYSTEM
Computer Parts
There are many
parts that work
together to make a
computer work.
1. Hardware
is the mechanical, magnetic
and electronic device that
makes up computer hardware.
It refers to all physical
components of the computers.
Hardware
System unit USB Flash Drive
Joystick Head phones
Scanner Speakers
Floppy Disk Keyboard
Hard Drive Mouse
Microphone Scanner
2. Software
Is the program It is a collection
installed in the of computer
computer that programs,
procedures and
gives
documentations
instructions to that commence
do specific the computer on
tasks. what to do.
Software
Microsoft Internet explorer
Calculator Paint
Microsoft office Microsoft Office
word PowerPoint
Notepad
3. Peopleware
Refers to the This may involve
people who use people who do
the computer for system analysis,
a particular for a programming and
particular development of
profession or computer
interest. operations and
anyone who use a
computer.
Peopleware
Graphic Artist
Programmer
Secretary
Web Developer
4. Data
Is the unprocessed items of
knowledge of facts like text,
numbers, image and videos
which are processed and
converted by the computer to
produces useful for the user.
Multiple Choice
1.What is the unprocessed items of knowledge
or facts like texts, numbers, images and
videos?
a. Data b. Peopleware
c. Software d. Hardware
2.What refers to the people who use the
computer for a particular profession or
interest?
a. Peopleware b. Software
c. Hardware d. Data
3.What is the mechanical, magnetic and
electronic device that makes up computer
hardware?
a. Hardware b. Software
c. Peopleware d. Data
4. What is the program installed in the
computer that gives instructions to do
specific tasks?
a. Data b. Hardware
c. Software d. Peopleware
5. Which of the following is not a
Peopleware?
a. Internet Explorer b. Programmer
c. Web Developer d. Secretary
6. Give one example of
Hardware.
7. Give one example of Software.
8. Give one example of
Peopleware.
9. Give one example of Data.
10. What is the Title of the topic?
• Is a device used in
putting or typing
letters or numbers
into different
applications or
programs
Is used to open and close
files, navigate web sites, and
click on commands and tell
the computer what to do for
different applications.
Web camera
Transmits a picture or an
image to the computer
which can be shared to
other computers using
internet connection.
Graphics Tablet
Is similar to a white board, except
you use a digital pen to write on
it and it is connected to the
computer. The word or image
that you draw will appear on the
computer monitor.
Microphone
Is used to transmit sounds
to be included or saved on
the computer. The
microphone can also be
used to transmit sound
using the internet.
Scanner
Is used to copy pictures,
documents, and other
printed materials from a
paper and transmit it to
the computer in its digital
format.
Joystick
Is used to control the
moving actions of the
stimulated object in a
program. A joystick is used
mostly for computer games
or arcade.
Output devices
These devices are any piece
of peripheral device used to
display the results of
processed data.
Hard copy Soft copy
Is a relatively Is a temporary
permanent form of form of output,
output that can be for example , text
read immediately or on a screen
stored for later use display.
such as paper.
Monitor
Is the screen on which words,
numbers, and graphics can be
seen. The monitor is the most
common output.
Printer
Produces a print of
whatever is on the monitor
into paper such as words,
number, or pictures.
Speaker
Gives you sound output from your
computer. Some speakers are
built-in to the computer and some
are separate devices.
Headphone
Gives sound output form the
computer. It is similar to
speakers, except it is worn on
the head so only one person
can hear the output.
Computer Data Storage
Often called storage or
memory,
Refers to computer
components and devices that
store and retrieve data to and
form a storage media
Hard disk
Is a storage device that
contains one or more
inflexible, circular platters that
can store large quantity of
data, instructions, and
information.
Floppy Disk
Also called a diskette, is a portable,
inexpensive storage medium that
consists of a thin, circular, flexible
plastic Mylar film with a magnetic
coating enclosed in a square-
shaped plastic shell.
Optical Disc
Is a type of optical storage media
that consists of a flat, round,
portable, disc made of metal,
plastic, and lacquer.
These dics usually are 4.75 inches
in diameter and less than one-
twentieth of an inch thick.
Flash Memory Card
Is a type of miniature mobile
storage device as thin as a five
peso coin and can range in size
of 1 cm to 1 inch.
USB Flash Drive
Is sometimes called a Pen
Drive, is a storage device that
plugs in a USB port on a
computer or mobile device.
Multiple Choice
1.What is used to open and close files,
navigate web sites, and click on
commands and tell the computer what to
do for different applications?
a. Mouse b. Keyboard
c. Hard Disk d. Monitor
2. What device used in inputting or typing
letters or numbers into different
applications or programs?
a. Mouse b. Keyboard
c. Optical Disc d. Speaker
3. What is the screen on which words,
numbers and graphics can be seen?
a. Keyboard b. Mouse
c. Monitor d. Optical Disc
4.What produce a print of whatever is on
the monitor into a paper such as words,
numbers, or pictures?
a. Keyboard b. Mouse
c. Output device d. Printer
5. Which storage device contains one or
more inflexible, circular platters that can
store large quantity of data instruction,
and information?
a. Hard Disk b. Optical Disc
c. Floppy Disk d. USB Flash Drive
System Unit
Also known as a Base unit, is the
main body of a computer. It is
typically made of a metal and plastic
enclosure containing the mother
board, power supply, cooling fans,
internal disk drives, memory and
expansion cards that are plugged
into the mother board.
Parts of the System Unit
Motherboard
Is the central Printed Circuit Board
(PCB) in some complex electronic
system such as modern personal
computers.
Power Supply
Supplies power to the other
components in a computer. It is
typically designed to convert general-
purpose alternating current (AC)
electric power from the mains to
usable low-voltage direct current (DC)
power for the internal components of
the computer.
Microprocessor
Is the center of your computer
which processes instructions and
communicates with outside devices,
controlling most of the operation of
the computer.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Is commonly referred to as a hard
drive, hard disk or fixed disk drive.
It is a non- volatile storage device
which stores digitally encoded data
on a rapid cylinder rotating platters
with magnetic surfaces.
Video Card
Is also known as a graphics
accelerator card, display adapter or
graphics card. This is an expansion
card that improves images shown on
your display screen.
Sound Card
Is also known as an audio card
It is a computer expansion card
that facilitates the input and
output of audio signals to and
from a computer under the
control of computer program
Memory
Is a temporary storage area which
holds the data and instructions that
the system unit CPU needs. Before
a program can be run, the program
is loaded from some storage
medium into the memory.
Random –Access Memory
(RAM)
Is the main memory of the computer.
It can be accessed randomly. Where
any byte, (a unit of digit information in
computing and telecommunications
that most commonly consists of eight
bits), can be accessed without
touching the preceding bytes.
Read – Only – Memory (ROM)
Refers to special memory used to store
programs that boot the computer and
perform diagnostics. Data stores in ROM
cannot be modified , or can be modified
only showly or with difficulty, so it is mainly
used to distribute firmware. A firmware is
software that is very closely tied to specific
hardware, and unlikely to need frequent
updates.
Ports
Are the openings at the back portion
of the system unit where you can
connect all the other external
devices.
Communication Devices
Is a hardware component that
enables a computer to send or
transmit and receive data,
instructions, and from one or more
computers
Types of Communications
Device
1.Modem
Is short for modulator-
demodulator, a device that
enables a computer to transmit
data over the telephone or cable
lines.
Different Kinds of Modem
A. Dial- up Modem
Is a form of adapter card that you can
insert in an expansion slot on a
computer’s motherboard.
One end of a standard telephone cord
attaches to a port on the modem card
and the other end plugs into a
telephone outlet in order to connect to
the internet.
b. Cable modems
Send and receive digital data over
the cable television network.
c. Wireless modems
Have a wireless accessibility with
its built-in antenna. This is most
common in PDA, Smart Phone or
other mobile devices.
2.Network
Is an adapter card, PC card or flash
that enables a computer to access
network.
3. Router
Is a communications device that
connects multiples computers or other
routers together and transmits data to
its correct destination on the network.
ICF
INTERNET AND COMPUTING
FUNDAMENTALS
Thank you!
CPU
The Central
Processing Unit
Processor
The CPU – The chip
or chips that
interpret and
execute program
instructions and
manage the
functions of input,
output, and storage
devices.
Computer Case
Contains the major
components of the
computer. It helps
protect them.
Front of the Computer Case
Inside the Computer Case
Monitor
A display screen to
provide “output” to
the user. It is
where you view the
information your are
working on.
Video Card
Connects the computer
to the monitor. It is a
circuit board attached
to the motherboard that
contains the memory
and other circuitry
necessary to send
information to the
monitor for display on
screen.
Keyboard
Used to enter
information into the
computer and for
giving commands.
Mouse
An input device
operated by rolling its
ball across a flat
surface. The mouse is
used to control the on-
screen pointer by
pointing and clicking,
double-clicking, or
dragging objects on the
screen.
Touchpad
A pressure-sensitive
and motion sensitive
device used in place
of a mouse.
CD Rom Drive
The drive that plays
CDs and reads data
that has been stored
on the CD.
CD
Compact Disk – A
type of optical
storage device.
Floppy Disk Drive
A device that holds
a removable floppy
disk when in use;
read/write heads
read and write data
to the diskette.
Hard Disk
Magnetic storage
device in the
computer.
RAM
Random Access Memory
RAM is a computer’s
temporary memory,
which exists as chips on
the motherboard near
the CPU. It stores data
or programs while they
are being used and
requires power.
Printer
An output device
that produces a hard
copy on paper. It
gives information to
the user in printed
form.
Barcode Reader
An input device that
converts a pattern
of printed bars into
a number that a
computer can read.
They are often used
by businesses to
quickly input price
and product
information.
Scanner
A device that allows
pictures to be placed
into a computer.
Microphone
Allows the user to
record sounds as
input to their
computer.
Speakers
Used to generate or
reproduce voice,
music, and other
sounds.
Sound Card
Connects the
speakers and
microphone to the
computer.
Modem
The place where the
computer is
connected to the
phone line.
Network Card
A circuit board that
connects the
computer to the rest
of the network
usually using special
cables.
Software
Programs that tell
the computer what
to do. It provides
instructions that the
CPU will need to
carry out.
DOS
Disk Operating System
This software connects the hardware with the
programs you want to run.
MS-DOS:
Microsoft DOS (Disk Operating System) is a
command line user interface. MS-DOS 1.0
was released in 1981 for IBM computers.
Example of MS-DOS
Windows
A family of operating
systems developed and
produced by Microsoft
Corp. It provides a
software graphical user
interface (GUI) used on
IBM and compatible
computers.
Example of Windows (GUI)
