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Vlsi

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58 views20 pages

Vlsi

It's useful

Uploaded by

jasmine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to VLSI

Design
Amit Kumar Mishra
ECE Department
IIT Guwahati
Tale of two queries!
 Y R U here?
 Y M I here?
Landmarks
 Moore’s axiom
 Some more funda
 Free CAD tool
 Parting notes
Moore’s Law
 Gordon Moore: co-founder of Intel
 Predicted that the number of transistors
per chip would grow exponentially (double
every 18 months)
 Exponential improvement in technology is
a natural trend:
 e.g. Steam Engines - Dynamo - Automobile
Moore’s
Transistors
Law
Microprocessors PPC603
10M Pentium
80486 Pentium Pro
1M 80386 PPC601
68020 68040 MIPS R4000
68000
100K
8086
10K
4004
8080
1K

100 10x/6
10x/6 years
years
10

1
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995
[©Keutzer]
IC Products
 Processors
 CPU, DSP, Controllers
 Memory chips
 RAM, ROM, EEPROM
 Analog
 Mobile communication,
audio/video processing
 Programmable
 PLA, FPGA
 Embedded systems
 Used in cars, factories
 Network cards
 System-on-chip (SoC)

Images: [Link]
IC Product Market Shares

Source: Electronic Business


Example: Intel Processor Sizes
Silicon Process 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.35 0.25
Technology
Intel386TM DX
Processor

Intel486TM DX
Processor

Pentium® Processor

Pentium® Pro &


Pentium® II Processors
Source: [Link]
Heterogeneity on Chip
 Greater diversity of on­chip
elements Heterogeneity
 Processors
 Software
 Memory
 Analog

More
Moretransistors
transistorsdoing
doingdifferent
differentthings!
things!

[©Keutzer]
Stronger Market Pressures
 Decreasing design window
 Less tolerance for design Time-to-market
revisions

Exponentially
Exponentiallymore
morecomplex,
complex,greater
greaterdesign
designrisk,
risk,
greater
greatervariety,
variety,and
andaasmaller
smallerdesign
designwindow!
window!

[©Keutzer]
VLSI Design Styles

 Full Custom
 Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
(ASIC)
 Programmable Logic (PLD, FPGA)
 System-on-a-Chip
Full Custom Design

 Each circuit element carefully “handcrafted”


 Huge design effort
 High Design & NRE Costs / Low Unit Cost
 High Performance
 Typically used for high-volume applications
ASIC

 Constrained design using pre-designed (and


sometimes pre-manufactured) components
 Also called semi-custom design
 CAD tools greatly reduce design effort
 Low Design Cost / High NRE Cost / Med. Unit
Cost
 Medium Performance
Programmable Logic (FPGA)

 Pre-manufactured components with


programmable interconnect
 CAD tools greatly reduce design effort
 Low Design Cost / Low NRE Cost / High Unit
Cost
 Lower Performance
System-on-chip (SOC)

 Idea: combine several large blocks


 Predesigned custom cores (e.g., microcontroller) -
“intellectual property” (IP)
 ASIC logic for special-purpose hardware
 Programmable Logic (PLD, FPGA)
 Analog
 Open issues
 Keeping design cost low
 Verifying correctness of design
The Inverted Pyramid
Electronic Systems > $1 Trillion

Semiconductor > $220 B

CAD $3 B

[©Keutzer]
Where is the money?
 Gaps to be filled:
 System-semiconductorgap
 Semiconductor-CAD gap
A free CAD flow for all who care!

 Alliance CAD tools


 "Architecture des Systèmes intégrés et
Micro électronique" department of LIP6
 875 000 Transistor design done
 Limit is your processor power and your
design abilities!
Scenario in India???
 HUGE outsourcing
 Loads of startups (WHY?)
 VLSI design is nowhere a single nation job
 Fabrication labs (fabs) in USA getting sold
out
 India getting 4 fabs by next year!
Thank You

Best of Luck for End-Sems and Internships

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