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Data Control

Data control is important to ensure accurate data and prevent garbage output. There are various types of errors like incorrect, missing, or transposed data from manual input. Validation checks include validating data ranges, formats, lengths, sums, and check digits to verify accuracy. Verification further ensures input data matches the source by proofreading, double entry, or re-entry to catch discrepancies. Proper data control through validation and verification is crucial for reliable processing and results.

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59 views12 pages

Data Control

Data control is important to ensure accurate data and prevent garbage output. There are various types of errors like incorrect, missing, or transposed data from manual input. Validation checks include validating data ranges, formats, lengths, sums, and check digits to verify accuracy. Verification further ensures input data matches the source by proofreading, double entry, or re-entry to catch discrepancies. Proper data control through validation and verification is crucial for reliable processing and results.

Uploaded by

api-3742735
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

F.4 C.I.T.

Data Control
Data Control
 Check if the input data is correct
 Why?
 Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)

Input Process Output

Error Input: Count: Error Output:


Gender = F no. of M Male = 29
no. of F Female = 1
Error
 Sources of Error
 Data Source Error
 Incorrect data are provided
 e.g. Missing data field, like the age
 Transcription Error
Errors caused
 Data is read or typed wrongly
by manual input
 e.g. “1” and “l”, “u” and “n”, “0” and “O”
 Transposition Error
 Swapping of two characters
 e.g. “bye” as “bey”
 Transmission Error
 Errors while sending data from one source to another
 e.g. “10010101” instead of “10000101”
Error
 Consider the following test paper.
 What’swrong?
 Why wrong?
Data Control
 Data Validation
 Check if the input data is reasonable and valid
 Data Verification
 Checkif input data is same as in source
document
Data Validation
 Range Check
 E.g. Class no. of 4A students: 1 – 30
 E.g. Error input: 40
 Presence Check
A particular field must have data
 E.g. Missed date
 Length Check
 [Link] number: 8 digits
 Error input: 3567890
Data Validation
 Format Check
 E.g. Class: [1-5] + [“A”-“E”] or [6-7] + [“A”-“D”]
 E.g. Error input: “8G”
 Control total
 Sum of numeric fields
 E.g. Sum of all class numbers
Manually calculated
check sum
Compare Further
Process
Accumulate the field
Data Validation
 Check Digit
 E.g. HKID no., ISBN, etc
 Self-checking
 Data itself can prove its validity
 E.g. ID card number:
 Leftmost alphabet:
 A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, ……, X = 24, Y = 25, Z = 26
 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 (3)
x Weight: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 Weighted Sum =8+ 7+ 12+15+16+15+12+ 3 = 88

 Is weighted sum divisible by 11?

 Yes: Valid ID
Data Validation
 Check Digit
 Self-checking
 Data itself can prove its validity
 E.g. ID card number:
 A 6 5 4 3 2 1 (3)
x 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 Weighted Sum =8+ 42+30+20+13+6+ 2 + 3 = 123

 Is weighted sum divisible by 11?

 No: Invalid ID
 The ID number can tell its validity!
 Now, check your ID card no.
Data Validation
 Check Digit
 How to find?
 E.g. K434925(?)
 (11) K 4 3 4 9 2 5 (?)
x 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 Weighted Sum =88+28+18+20+36+6+ 10 = 206
 Since 206 + 3 = 209 which is divisible by 11

 Check digit = 3
 Another way: 206 / 11 = 18 ……8

 Check digit = 11 – 8 = 3
Data Validation
 Check Digit
 11 is used as the divisor to test the validity
 It is called “weighted modulo-11 algorithm”
 Also applied in ISBN
Data Verification
 Compare input data with source document
 Proofread the screen before process
 Display the input data for final checking and
confirmation
 Input data twice
 Check if the inputs in different time are same
 E.g. Especially important for password confirmation
 Because password will not be shown for confirmation!
 Double entry
 Check if the inputs by two different people are same

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