GLOBAL DIVIDES
Module 12
OBJECTIVES
Identify perspectives in global stratification
Discuss the concept of global divide
Review some historical antecedents relating
to the understanding of the global divide
Global Divides
According to Polytechnic
University of The Philippines
(PUP), Global divides refers
to the division of the world
into two: the rich countries
(Global North) and the poor
countries (Global South).
How is the world
divided?
1
Social
Stratification
2
A society’s categorization of its
people into rankings of
socioeconomic tiers based on
factors like wealth, income, race,
3
education, and power.
Perspective in Global
Stratification
Modern Theory
Argues that poor nations remain poor
because they hold onto traditional
attitudes, beliefs, technologies, and
institutions.
It can be observed even today that there
are countries with very rich natural
resources, but their people remain to
experience extreme poverty.
Perspective in Global
Stratification
Dependency Theory
It states that global inequality is primarily
caused by core nations (or high-income
nations) exploiting semi-peripheral and
peripheral nations (or middle-income and
low-income nations), which creates a
cycle of dependence (Hendricks 2010)
Theory of Wallerstein
about “World System”
Composed of boundaries, structures,
member groups, rules of legitimation,
and coherence. This world system is
assumed to “comprises a single
capitalist world-economy.”
First, Second, Third Worlds
The First World consisted of the U.S., Western Europe and their
allies. The Second World was the so-called Communist Bloc: the
Soviet Union, China, Cuba and friends. The remaining nations,
which aligned with neither group, were assigned to the Third
World. The Third World has always had blurred lines.
First,
First,Second,
Second,Third
ThirdWorlds
Worlds
Western Bloc Eastern Bloc
Also known as the Communist Bloc,
Also known as the Capitalist Bloc, the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was
is an informal, collective term for the coalition of communist states of
countries that were officially allied Central and Eastern Europe, East Asia,
with the United States during the Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Cold War of 1947–1991. under the power of the Soviet Union that
existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).
(First World Countries) comprised the (Second World Countries) – led by the communist/socialist
industrial/capitalist US and the North Atlantic Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic --- Albania,
Alliance (NATO) --- United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
France, Italy Afghanistan.
Germany
Examples of First United States
World Countries
United Kingdom
Examples of Second
World Countries
Romania North Korea Poland
Examples of Third
World Countries
Egypt Venezuela
Philippines
Summary of Brandt Report
The Brandt Report suggests primarily that a great chasm in
standard of living exists along the North-South divide and
there should therefore be a large transfer of resources from
developed to developing countries. The countries North of the
divide are extremely wealthy due to their successful trade in
manufactured goods, whereas the countries South of the
divide suffer poverty due to their trade in intermediate goods,
where the export incomes are low.
The Criticism on Brandt’s
Report
The Brandt Report is the report written by the Independent
Commission, first chaired by Willy Brandt, in 1980. The Independent
Commission for International Developmental Issues was established in
1977 with the aim to review international development issues, with the
former German Chancellor being nominated as Head by Robert
McNamara, then the World Bank President. The result of this report
provided an understanding of drastic differences in the economic
development of the Global North and Global South.
For Graf, Brandt’s report on northern and southern countries did not
represent classes, most of them come from political elites.
The report is not new and excluded historical dimension from platform
and did not look at the reason why North and South have such kind of
dynamics.
For Graf, a proposal for global economic reform should:
look at the “historical evolution of the world order”
examine “global relations” including “class relations”
“define goals and objectives”
“specify strategy and tactic”
References
Navarro V. A Critique of the Ideological and Political Position of the Brandt Report
and the Alma Ata Declaration. International Journal of Health Services. 1984;14(2):159-
172. doi:10.2190/9A9A-3ECR-M3N5-YJHH
Köhler, Nicholas. 2010. “An Uncommon Princess.” Maclean’s, November 22. Retrieved
March 25, 2021 from [Link]
Butler, Sarah. 2013. “Bangladeshi Factory Deaths Spark Action among High-Street
Clothing Chains.” The Guardian. Retrieved November 7, 2014
([Link]
bangladesh-primark).
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
WHERE’S THE FLAG!?
(WTF)
Instruction: Choose the letter of the right flag for
each corresponding country (2pts each)
Where’s the flag of Poland?
a. b.
Where’s the flag of Germany?
a. b.
Where’s the flag of Venezuela?
a. b.
IDENTIFICATION
1) It refers to the division of the world into two: the rich countries (Global
North) and the poor countries (Global South).
2) This theory argues that poor nations remain poor because they hold
onto traditional attitudes, beliefs, technologies, and institutions.
3) Also known as the Capitalist Bloc, is an informal, collective term for
countries that were officially allied with the United States during the
Cold War of 1947–1991.
4) An antiquated term for developed and industrialized countries
characterized by political and economic stability. democracy, the rule of
law. capitalist economies, and high standards of living.
Thank you for
listening!
Prepared by: Group 7
Sean Kelly Samia
Gie-Em Asistin
John Carlo Llona
