TOPIC 1
Introduction to Engineering
Drawing
Prepared by:
Suriati binti Ibrahim
Drawing Equipments and Materials
TYPES OF DRAWING
EQUIPMENTS AND
MATERIALS
DRAWING BOARD
(WOODEN)
DRAWING BOARD
(MULTIFUNCTIONAL/PORTABLE)
T-SQUARE
SET SQUARE
A3 DRAWING PAPER
MASKING TAPE
PENCIL (SOFT) PENCIL (HARD)
PENCIL ERASER
COMPASS
FRENCH CURVE
OR
FLEXIBLE CURVE
ERASER SHIELD (OPTIONAL)
VIDEO
Drawing Equipments & Tools
[Link]
Use of Various Equipments/Materials
Equipments/Materials Usage
T-Square Squaring the paper with the table, drawing horizontal lines,
and placing angles along the top edge of the T-square for
vertical, 30 deg., 45 deg., and 60 deg. lines.
Drawing board The surface the paper needs to be squared upon.
Masking tape Used to tape all four corners of the paper to the table.
Set square
a. 45 deg. Triangle Is used to create 45 deg. lines and vertical lines.
b. 30 deg. - 60 deg. Is used to create 30 deg., 60 deg., and vertical lines.
triangle
Use of Various Equipments/Materials
Equipments/Materials Usage
Pencil Different shades of pencil lines represent different types of
lines.
French curves / Are used to draw complicated curves.
flexible curves
Eraser Is used to erase all unnecessary lines like guide lines and
mistakes
Drawing paper (A3 size) Is used to draw any object / letters
Erasing shield Helps the drafter erase only lines that need to be erased - not
accidentally erasing others.
Compass Is used to create circles, arcs, and ellipses. To draw an arc,
circle, and ellipses, the point of the compass should be placed
at a circles center; the pencil edge should be placed at the end
of the radius.
GROUP OF LINES
There are varieties of line used in engineering
drawing
Each line has its own characteristics and specific
function
The thickness of the line is dividing to thick,
medium and thin line.
The darkness of the line depends on the pencil
grades are used such as 2H, HB, H and other else.
The darkness of the line is light, dark and light,
dark and heavy.
Pencil
Line Name Form Characteristics Grade / Usage
Size
Border line is the
thickest line in a
Thick / Dark & BH, B /
Border Line drawing. It is use to
Heavy 0.5 mm
draw border and title
block.
Construction line is
used to start drawing.
Construction 2H /
Thin / Light The line must not seen
Line 0.3 mm
in the length of one
hand fathom.
HB / Object line is used to
Thick / Dark &
Object Line 0.5 – 0.7 show the brink of the
Heavy
mm object that can be see.
Pencil
Line Name Form Characteristics Grade / Usage
Size
Hidden line is used to
2H, HB /
Medium / Dark & represent any line of
Hidden Line 0.3 – 0.5
Light an object that is
mm
hidden from view
Sectional line is used
to indicate the surface
Thin / Dark & 2H /
Sectional Line in the section view
Light 0.3 mm
imagined through the
cutting-plane line.
Centre line is used to
Thin / Dark & 2H, H / show the center of
Centre Line
Light 0.3 mm holes and symmetrical
features.
Pencil
Line Name Form Characteristics Grade / Usage
Size
Extension and
Extension Line & H, 2H / dimensional lines are
Thin / Dark & Light
Dimensional Line 0.25 mm used when dimensioning
an object.
The cutting-plane line is
HB /
Cutting-Plane Thick / Dark & used to designate where
0.5 – 0.7
Line Heavy an imaginary cutting
mm
took place.
Thin / Dark & Light Break lines are used
H, 2H / when it is desirable to
Short-Break Line
0.3 mm shorten the view of a
long part.
Pencil
Line Name Form Characteristics Grade / Usage
Size
Thin / Dark & Break lines are used
Light when it is desirable to
H, 2H /
Long-Break Line shorten the view of a
0.3 mm
long part.
Phantom lines are
used to indicate
alternate position of
Phantom Line Thin / Dark & H, 2H /
moving parts, adjacent
Light 0.3 mm
position of related
parts and repetitive
detail
Additional / projection
line are used to
Additional / Thin / Dark & H, 2H / establish relationships
Projection Line Light 0.3 mm of part features
between rotated views
of the same drawing
Set Up Drawing Paper
To begin drafting, the paper needs to be
square with the table.
Place the T-square tight against the side
of the table.
Place the bottom edge of the paper along
the top edge of the T-square. Make sure
the bottom edge is aligned with the top
edge of the T-square.
Tape the top two corners of the paper
down with masking tape. Move the T-
square away and tape the bottom two
corners of the paper. The paper is now
square with the table. All your vertical
lines and horizontal lines will now be
parallel with the paper's edges.
VIDEO
Set Up Drawing Paper on Drawing Board
[Link]
Layout in drawing sheets with the margin and title block
VIDEO
How to Construct Margin and Title Blocks
[Link]
Details for Title Block
LETTERING
Standard Upright Letters
The standard upright letter are written at 90° on the guide line. Alphabets and numbers written in the standard vertical grid.
Standard Inclined Letters
Thestandard inclined letters are written
according to a slant range of between 60 to 70
degrees on the guardline.
Eachletter is written in uniform size, height,
width and line thickness.
