Electrochemistry 4.
1
Lo: We are learning to Define electrolysis as the decomposition of an
ionic compound, when molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of
an electric current.
Key words: electrolysis, decompose, cathode, anode, cations, anions
Success criteria:
I can define electrolysis
I can describe electrolytic cell
I can suggest the products of electrolysis
electrolysis
• Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are
decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when
molten or aqueous using electric current.
• Electricity can be conducted by either ions or electrons.
• In metals _________ are responsible for conducting electricity.
• In ionic compounds _________ are responsible for conducting
electricity.
Q:What conditions are needed for electrolysis?
A: For electrolysis to work, the ions must be free to move. Ions
are free to move when an ionic substance is dissolved in water
or when melted.
• Electrolyte: the compound(molten or aqueous ionic
compound) that breaks down during electrolysis and conducts
electricity is called electrolyte.
• Electrodes : the rods (made up of metal or graphite) that carry
the electric current to and from the electrolyte.
• The positive electrode is called anode
• The negative electrode is called cathode
• PANIC
• The positive electrode is called anode
• The negative electrode is called cathode
• The positively charged ions are called cations
• The negatively charged ions are called anions.
• Cations go to cathode
• PANIC
• Positive anode negative is cathode
What happens during electrolysis?
In electrolysis, the substance that the current passes through
and splits up is called the electrolyte.
The electrolyte contains positive and negative ions.
What happens to these ions during electrolysis?
Negative ions move Positive ions move
to the positive electrode to the negative electrode
and lose electrons. and gain electrons.
This is oxidation. heat This is reduction.
8 of 50 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
Electrolysis of molten PbBr2 – redox equations
What redox processes occur at the
electrodes during the electrolysis
of molten lead bromide (PbBr2)?
At the negative electrode:
Pb2+ + 2e- Pb (reduction)
At the positive electrode:
2Br- Br2 + 2e- (oxidation)
What is the overall equation for the electrolysis of molten
lead bromide ?
lead bromide lead + bromine
PbBr2 (l) Pb (l) + Br2 (g)
9 of 50 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
Electrolysis of molten lead bromide
Read the paragraph and
write the following
answer in your copy
book?
Q1
Why precaution should
we take during the
experiment and why?
Q2
Write any three
observations during the
experiment.
Compound to be Product at Product at anode
electrolysed cathode (-ive (+ive electrode)
electrode)
Aluminum oxide
Copper bromide
Sodium chloride
Zinc chloride
Electrochemistry 4.1
• LO: We are learning to identify the products formed during the
electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution
• Success criteria:
• I can identify the ions present in the solution
• I can explain the discharge series
• I can suggest the products form at cathode and anode
• Key words: discharge of ions, discharge series, concentrated
Starter
• Complete the following sentences by using the hints
• Electrolyte, Electrodes, anode, cations
• The rods that carry the electric current to and from the electrolyte are
called___________.
• The compound that breaks down during electrolysis and conducts electricity is
called_________.
• The Positively charged ions are called________
• The Positively charged electrode is called_________
• PANIC or ca+ions
• Extended question:
• How lead ions convert into lead and bromide ions convert into bromine?
Label the diagram
Cations
Cathode
Anode
Electrolyte
anions
Task for you!!
Think of the ions present in
aqueous sodium chloride
solution and discuss
• The ions present in sodium chloride are H+ OH- Na+ and Cl-
• At the Cathode:
• Two ions Na+ and H+ move to cathode but only H+ ion
discharge.(why*)
• At the anode:
• Two ions Cl- and OH- move to anode and only Cl- ions are
discharged.(why)
discharge series for concentrated solution
Starter
• The ions present in molten sodium chloride are____ and
_____.(C )
• The ions present in aqueous sodium chloride are________.(B)
• The ions present in aqueous copper sulphate solution
are_____________( A)
• Extended question:
• How lead ions convert into lead and bromide ions convert into
bromine?
• Concentrated sodium chloride solution is called__________.
• The products obtained at
• Cathode:
• Anode:
• Observation when these products form at the elctrodes
• Cathode
• Anode
• Test:
• Result:
W-19-42
Difference between concentrated and
dilute aqueous sodium chloride
Concentrated dilute aqueous
aqueous NaCl NaCl
Products Hydrogen Hydrogen
formed at
cathode
Products Chlorine oxygen
formed at
anode
Difference between concentrated and
dilute aqueous sodium chloride
Concentrated dilute aqueous
aqueous NaCl NaCl
Products
formed at
cathode
Products
formed at
anode
• What is brine?
• Brine is concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
• Products obtained during electrolysis of brine are chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide
• The diaphragm and membrane cells are designed so that all the products are kept separate.
•
Uses of this products-
• Observation_
• Test-
• Electrolysis of concentrated hydrochloric acid.
• Products formed at cathode and anode
• Observations
• Test
• Hydrogen test: put the a glowing splint at the mouth of the test tube hydrogen burns with a squeaky pop
sound.Page 144
• Dilute aqueous sodium chloride solution produces hydrogen
at the cathode and oxygen at the anode.
* Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride solution produces
hydrogen at the cathode and chlorine at the anode. * Aqueous
solutions of intermediate concentrations may produce
both chlorine and oxygen at the anode.
• Determining what gas is produced
• If the gas produced at the cathode burns with a ‘pop’ when a sample
is lit with a lighted splint then the gas is hydrogen(bubbles)
• If the gas produced at the anode relights a glowing splint dipped into
a sample of the gas then the gas is oxygen (bubbles)
• The halogen gases all produce their own colours (bromine is red-
brown, chlorine is yellow-green and fluorine is pale yellow)
Explaining electrolysis
• Lo: construct the ionic half equations taking place at cathode
and anode.
• Half equations taking place at cathode and anode
• Cathode: reduction takes place at cathode.
• Ions gain electrons and convert into atoms.
• Anode :oxidation takes place at anode.
• Ions lose electrons and convert into molecules.
• Starter:
• The ions present in molten NaCl are________________.
• The ions present in aqueous NaCl are_______________.
• What is brine?
• Cathode has _________ charge.
• Anode has _________ charge.
• The ions discharge at cathode and anode on electrolysis of
dilute of and concentrated NaCl
• Electrolyte
• NaCl (l)
• Reduction at cathode (gain of electrons)
• Oxidation at anode Loss of electrons.
• Electrolyte
• NaCl (aq)Concentrated
• Ions present are H+ OH- Na+ and OH-
• At cathode (reduction)
• At anode (oxidation)
• observations
• Electrolyte
• NaCl (aq) dilute
• Ions present are H+ OH- Na+ and OH-
At Cathode:
At anode:
Observations
• Electrolyte
• CuSO4(aq)
• PbBr2 (l)
Purifying copper 6.4(refining)
• LO:
• Starter:
• Write the products form at cathode and anode on electrolysis
of aqueous copper(ii) sulphate by using graphite electrode
• Say Either reduction or oxidation takes place.
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Electroplating
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