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Malaria

Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted through mosquito bites. It is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, of which there are four types that infect humans. Over 225 million cases and 781,000 deaths occur annually, mostly in Africa. At risk groups include pregnant women and children under 5. Malaria poses a major economic burden for affected countries through healthcare costs. It is diagnosed via blood smears and rapid tests. Prevention focuses on insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor spraying, and preventative drug treatments.

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74 views22 pages

Malaria

Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted through mosquito bites. It is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, of which there are four types that infect humans. Over 225 million cases and 781,000 deaths occur annually, mostly in Africa. At risk groups include pregnant women and children under 5. Malaria poses a major economic burden for affected countries through healthcare costs. It is diagnosed via blood smears and rapid tests. Prevention focuses on insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor spraying, and preventative drug treatments.

Uploaded by

Abdirahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MALARIA

Group 0ne
malaria
What is malaria?

• Malaria is a life threatening


disease which is transmitted
to humans through the bites
of infected female
Anopheles mosquitoes.
• About 3.3 billion people –
half of the world's
population – are at risk of
malaria.

Image: Hugh Sturrock, Wellcome Images


WHAT CAUSES MALARIA?

• Malaria is caused by a
single celled parasite
called Plasmodium.
• There are four types of
Plasmodium that infect
humans:
– Plasmodium falciparum
– Plasmodium vivax
– Plasmodium malariae
– Plasmodium ovale
Image: CDC/Steven Glenn, Laboratory & Consultation Division
The Plasmodium life cycle
Incidence facts

• 225 million cases of malaria


worldwide and 781,000 deaths
every year.
• A child dies of malaria every
30 seconds.
• Over 90% of malaria deaths
are in Africa.
• 200,000 newborns die each
year as a result of malaria.
Statistics: 2010 WHO Malaria Report and Malaria No More Image: Bonnie Gillespie, Voices for a malaria free future
UK
Who are affected?

Images: Bonnie Gillespie, Voices for a malaria free future, Courtney Dudley, JHU/ Voices for a Malaria Free Future, Cape Union Mart
Why is malaria a problem?

• Malaria has a significant economic


impact on countries with high levels
of malaria transmission.
• In affected countries the disease
accounts for:
– 40% of public health drug expenditure
– 30-50% of in patient hospital admissions
– up to 60% of outpatient health clinic
visits

Statistics: 2010 WHO Malaria Report Image: Bonnie Gillespie, Voices for a Malaria Free Future
How do you diagnose malaria?

• Malaria can be diagnosed by


microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests
(RDTs).
• Microscopy uses a blood smear to
identify whether parasites are present
in the patient.
• RDTs are quick tests that use a drop of
blood from the finger tip to identify
whether parasites are present in the
patient.

Images: Bonnie Gillespie and Jen Warren, Voices for a Malaria Free Future
▲ Laboratory findings
 WBC, RBC, Hb.
Normal white blood cell count, decreased red blood
cell count and hemoglobin level.

 Thick and thin blood smear (Giemsa stain)


Plasmodium species are found in thick and thin
blood smear, or bone marrow smear.
--------Definitive diagnosis
Thick and thin blood smear are very simple and
important

18
How do you prevent malaria?

• Key methods to prevent


malaria transmission are:
– Long lasting insecticide
impregnated nets (LLINs)
– Insecticide-treated nets
(ITNs)
– Indoor residual spraying
– Mosquito repellents
– Preventative drug
treatments
Image: p_skov_vestergaard_frandsen
• Reference
• Worldhealthorganizatio
n.com
• Zacada saleban mouse
• Farah abdi Mahmoud
• Shadia abdi Osman
• Ibraahim hamud ahmet
• Hamze Mohamed elmi

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