POINTS, LINES
AND PLANES IN
SPACE
Undefined Terms
1. POINT – exact location in space. It has no length, no width
and no thickness. It is usually represented by a dot and named
by a capital letter.
2. LINE - array of infinite number of points extending in two
opposite directions. It has length but has no width and no
thickness; it is named using two of its points; and it can also be
named by a small letter.
3. PLANE – flat surface made up of points. It has no depth and
no thickness. It also extends infinitely in all directions; it is
often represented by a four-side shape; and it can be named by
using at least three points not lying on the same line in a
plane.
SPACE – set of all points. It has depth and contains
lines and planes.
Other Undefined terms
• COLLINEAR POINTS – points lying on the same line;
otherwise, these points are NONCOLLINEAR.
• COPLANAR POINTS - points lying on the same
plane.
• CONCURRENT LINES – three or more lines that meet
at a common point.
• COPLANAR LINES – lines that are lying on the same
PAIRS OF
LINES
SUBSETS OF LINES
• Segment or line segment – part of a line with two
endpoints.
• Ray – part of a line that starts at a point, called its
endpoint, and extends without end in one direction.
• Opposite rays – parts of a line that have one
common endpoint and their other points are located
along the opposite directions of the arrowhead.
PAIRS OF LINES
• Parallel lines – coplanar lines that do not meet
at any point.
• Intersecting lines – coplanar lines that meet at
a common point; two lines intersect at exactly
one point.
• Perpendicular lines – special type of
intersecting lines whose intersection form an
angle that measures 90°.
• Coincident lines – lines that have the
same set of points.
• Skew lines – lines that do not
intersect and are not coplanar.
• Congruent segments – segments
having the same length. Congruence
is denoted by
POSTULATES,
THEOREM &
COROLLARY
Postulate – statement that describes a fundamental
relationship between the basic terms of geometry. It is
accepted as true even without proof.
BASIC POSTULATES
• Line Postulate – For every two points, there is
exactly one line that contains both points.
• Plane Postulate – For any three noncollinear
points, there is exactly one plane through these
points.
• Space Postulate – A space contains at least four
noncoplanar points.
• Postulate : If two distinct points lie on a plane, then
the line containing these points lies on that plane.
• Postulate : If two distinct planes intersect, then their
intersection is a line. If two distinct
• Postulate :If two distinct lines intersect, then their
intersection is exactly one point.
• Parallel Postulate – Through a point not a line, there
is exactly one line parallel to the given line.
Theorem – statement or conjecture that can be
proven true by using postulates and definitions of
basic and undefined terms.
Corollary – statement which typically follows that of
a given theorems.
Theorem: if a line intersects a plane not containing it,
then the intersection contains only one point.
EXAMPLE: IDENTIFY THE GEOMETRIC TERMS (POINT,
LINE, OR PLANE) MODELLED BY EACH OBJECT.
[Link] of a pen 6. TV antenna
[Link] 7. push button of an
elevator
[Link] 8. sunrays
[Link] 9. hairstrands
[Link] of a laptop 10. book
SEATWORK 1.1
I. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
1. IDENTIFY THE POINTS
2. IDENTIFY THE LINES
3. NAME THREE COLLINEAR POINTS
4. HOW MANY CONCURRENT LINES
ARE THERE? NAME THEM.
5. ARE POINTS R, Q, P AND X
COPLANAR? EXPLAIN.
II. Draw and label a figure to represent
each relationship.
1. point O lies on LX.
2. Lines a, b and c are concurrent and
meet at point J.
3. Planes ADE, AEB, BEC and CED are
all on plane ABCD and meet at point E.
