Estimating of Simple RCC
Structure
Unit 7
Instructor: Er Tapraj Bhatta
Density of Steel & Concrete
•
Beam
• Beam is a Horizontal structural element which transfers the vertical
loads from slab to the column
• Maximum longitudinal Reinforcement=4% of Cross Section Area of
Beam
Reinforcement Detailing of Beam
1.Reinforcement Cover
• Concrete Cover between outer face of Beam to
the outer face of Reinforcement bars is called
Reinforcement Cover.
• Minimum Cover= 25mm or greater than the
diameter of longitudinal bars.
• Clear Cover is provided to prevent from rusting
and corrosion of reinforcement in soil
2.Stirrups
• Ring, Lateral ties, vertical stirrups
• Hold main Reinforcement bars
• Prevents from deformation/Shear
failure
3.Hooks & Bends
-Provided for Anchorage support.
-Resistance against seismic Force
4.Laping of bars
• To join two Rebars.
5. Curtailment of bars
Curtailment meaning is that restricting and
limiting of bar for the purpose of achieving
an economic design.. Curtail bar in beam is
a way of reducing the area of tensile
reinforcement at points/areas (either on a
beam/slab) where bending moment is
minimum or zero.
6.Development length
A development length can be defined as
the amount of reinforcement(bar) length
needed to be embedded or projected into
the column to establish the desired bond
strength between the concrete and steel.
7.Spacing of Bars
6.Development length
Beam Detailing
Column Columns act as a vertical structural element that transfers loads
from the slab, (i.e., roof, upper floor) to the foundation and finally
to the soil beneath a structure
• Longitudinal Reinforcement
• Minimum area of cross-section of longitudinal bars must be atleast 0.8% of gross section area of
the column.
• Maximum area of cross-section of longitudinal bars must not exceed 6% of the gross cross-section
area of the column.
• The bars should not be less than 12mm in diameter.
• Minimum number of longitudinal bars must be four in rectangular column and 6 in circular
column.
• Spacing of longitudinal bars measures along the periphery of a column should not exceed 300mm.
Transverse reinforcement
-It maybe in the form of lateral ties or spirals.
-The diameter of the lateral ties should not be less than 1/4th of the
diameter of the largest longitudinal bar and in no case less than 6mm.
The pitch of lateral ties should not exceed
-Least lateral dimension
-16 x diameter of longitudinal bars (small)
300mm
What is column splicing?
A column splice means the joining of two parts of a column whereas a column
base transfers forces and moments at the lower end of a column to a foundation.
Slab A RCC slab is a crucial structural element and is used
to provide flat surfaces(floors and ceilings) in
buildings.
a) Nominal Cover:
For Mild exposure – 20 mm
For Moderate exposure – 30 mm
b) Minimum reinforcement:
• 0.15% of the total cross sectional area for Fe-
250 steel
• 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area for Fe-
415 & Fe-500 steel.
c) Spacing of bars:
The maximum spacing of bars shall not exceed
Main Steel – 3d or 300 mm whichever is smaller
Distribution steel –5d or 450 mm whichever is
smaller
The maximum diameter of bar in slab, shall
not exceed thickness/8
Methods of Reinforcement Quantity Estimation:
• Method-1 : Reinforcement Estimation (Thumb Rule Method)
This simplest method is based on the type of structure and the
volume of the reinforced concrete elements.
Method-2 : Reinforcement Estimation (Accurate Method):
Calculation:
Bar 1: b = 4000 + (2 x 230) – (2 x 40) = 4380 (No bends, hence, no deductions)
Cutting Length = 4380 mm
Bar 2: a = 200 b = 4000 + (2 x 230) – (2 x 40) = 4380
Deduction : (2 x dia x no. of bends) = 2 x 20 x 2
Cutting Length = (2x200) + (4380) – (2 x 20 x 2) = 4700 mm
Bar 3: a = 230 – (2x40) = 140 c = 375 – (2x40) = 285
Cutting Length: (2A + 2C) + 24d = (2x 140 + 2x 285) + 24x8 = 1042 mm
No. of Stirrups: (4000/180) + 1 = 23.22 = 24
• Number of bars:
• Suppose the spacing of stirrups is 150 c/c and the length along which they are placed is 6800 mm, we can find the
number of bars by the formula below [ Length / Spacing] + 1 = number of bars [ 6800 / 150] + 1 = 46.33 In this case, we
always round up. Hence, we require 47 stirrups.
• Cutting Length:
• Steel is ductile in nature and is subject to elongation. Hence, the length of a bar is increased when bends or hooks are
introduced. Hence, certain deductions are needed to offset this increase in length.
• Cutting Length = True Length of a bar – Deductions
• For 45 degree Cutting length = Total length – 1 x Dia of bar x No. of bends
• For 90 degree Cutting length = Total length – 2 x Dia of bar x No. of bends
• For stirrups:
• 90 degree hook: Length of stirrup = (2A + 2B) + 20 x dia
• 135 degree hook: Length of stirrup = (2A + 2B) + 24 x dia
Length of lintel =1300mm. Width of lintel = 230mm.
Depth of lintel = 200mm.
Top rebar = 2- T8. Bottom rebar = 2- T10.
Stirrup = 8mm @ 175 c/c. Clear cover = 25mm.
A. Cutting length:
1. Cutting length of the top rebar
= [Length of lintel - (2nos.× clear cover on both sides )] = [1300mm -( 2nos. × 25mm )]= 1250mm.=1.25m
2. Cutting length of the bottom rebar= 1250mm ( same as top bar ) = 1.25m
3. Cutting length of the stirrup
Here,
a = [ lintel width - ( 2 × clear cover ) - (1/2 ×dia. of stirrup bar)]
= [ 230mm - ( 2 × 25mm ) - (1/2 × 8mm )] = [ 230mm - 50mm - 4mm ] = 176mm
b = [ lintel depth - ( 2 × clear cover ) - (1/2 × dia. of stirrup bar )] = [ 200mm - ( 2 ×
25mm ) - (1/2 × 8mm )]= 146mm
Cutting
length of the stirrup
= [( 2nos. × (a +b ) ) + ( hook length ) - ( 3nos ×90° bend + 2nos. × 135° bend )]
= [ { 2 nos.× 322mm } + (10 × 8mm) - ( 3 nos. × 2 × 8mm ) - ( 2 nos. × 3 × 8 mm.)]
= 628 mm i.e. 0.628m.
4. Number of stirrups
= [( length of the lintel ÷ stirrup spacing ) + 1]= [(1300 mm. ÷ 175 mm) +1 ]
= 8.42 nos.= 9 nos
Slab Reinforcement Calculation
Floor Slab – 1 (Two-Way Slab):- Bars along Y Axis:-
Bars along X Axis:-
BBS of Main reinforcement in Square column:-
1.Length of Each Main Bar=Height of the floor +Height of the slab+ Overlap
Length=3.0m+0.15+50×0.016 =3.95m
2.No. of Main bars=4
3.Total Length of Main bars=4×3.95m =15.8m
4.Total No. of ’12m’ bars =15.8/12 =1.37bars
5.Weight of steel required for 1m of 16mm bar =D2/162 =162/162 =1.58kg/m
6.Total weight of steel required for main bars=Total length of main bars x 1.58
=15.8 x 1.58 =24.96Kgs
BBS of Longitudinal reinforcement in Square column:
Hook Length = 9d
Total Hook length No. of Hooks =2
Total hook length = 9d+9d= 18 x 0.008=0.144m
No. of bends bent @1350 = 2;
Total Bend length bent @135 0
Bend length = 3d= No. of bends x 3d= 2 x 3 x
0.008=0.048m
No. of bends bent @900 = 3;
Total Bend length bent @90 0
Bend length = 2d= No. of bends x 3= 3 x 2 x
0.008=0.048m
Total bend length of each tie = 0.048 + 0.048=0.096m
= Perimeter of tie + Total Hook length –Total
Total Length of each tie Bend length= 0.3+0.3+0.3+0.3+0.144-0.096=
1.248m
No. of ties =(3.0/0.1) + 1=31ties
=31 x 1.248
Total length of ties
=38.68m
Total No. of ’12m’ bars =38.68/12=3.22bars
Weight of steel required for 1m of 8mm bar =D2/162=82/162=0.39kg/m
Total Wt of steel required for ties =Total lengthof ties x 0.39=38.68 x 0.39=15.08kgs
