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GI Hormones Overview & Functions

Gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin, somatostatin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 are gastrointestinal hormones that regulate digestion. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion and gastric growth. Cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate and gastric pepsin secretion. Somatostatin is a major inhibitory peptide that suppresses the secretion of other hormones. Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes satiety, slows gastric emptying, and stimulates insulin secretion.

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Karl McNamara
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34 views12 pages

GI Hormones Overview & Functions

Gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin, somatostatin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 are gastrointestinal hormones that regulate digestion. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion and gastric growth. Cholecystokinin stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. Secretin stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate and gastric pepsin secretion. Somatostatin is a major inhibitory peptide that suppresses the secretion of other hormones. Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes satiety, slows gastric emptying, and stimulates insulin secretion.

Uploaded by

Karl McNamara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GI Hormones

Gastrin
Polypeptide present in several forms
3 biologically active forms:
“Big” = 34 amino acids
‘Little” = 17 amino acids
“Mini” = 14 amino acids
All active forms have same c-terminal 5 chain a. a

Release
Released from G cells in stomach and duodenum
Also present in CNS e.g. pituitary gland, hypothalamus
Gastrin - Release
 Stimuli
 Protein digestion products
 Nervous, physical distention
 Calcium, coffee and wine

 Inhibition
 Acidification of antrum- decreased pH
 Somatostatin
Gastrin Action

Stimulates Acid Secretion by Gastric Mucosa


Stimulates growth of parietal cells of the Gastric Mucosa
Stimulates Mucosal blood flow
Stimulates Pepsin Release
Gastrinoma - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

• Gastrin secreting tumor


- Non-beta cell tumor of pancreas (80%)
- G-cell tumors in duodenum (10-15%)
- Continually secretes gastrin into blood

• Symptoms
- Duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypokalemia

- Increased parietal cell mass


- Constant stimulation of hyperplastic mucosa
Cholecystokinin
Polypeptide, different forms including: 58, 39, 33, & 8 aa
8 amino acid form has full biological potency

Secreted by I cells mainly in duodenum & jejunum distal.

Secretion Stimulated By
 Fatty acids or AAs in the duodenum
 +ve feedback between CCK secretion and its stimulus

Secretion Inhibited By
Somatostatin
CCK - Physiological Effects
 Emptying of gallbladder
 Contracts gallbladder, relaxes sphincter of Oddi

 Effect on Pancreatic Exocrine Function


 Potent stimulator of enzyme secretion

 Inhibits gastric emptying

 Trophic effects - exocrine pancreas and gallbladder mucosa

 Induces satiety
Secretin
• 29AA peptide released from S-cells of duodenal mucosa

• Stimuli for release


- Acid in duodenum (pH <4.5)
- Fatty acids in duodenum

• Physiological effects - “Nature’s Antiacid”


- Inhibits gastric acid secretion
- Stimulates pancreatic and bile bicarbonate secretion
- Stimulates pepsin secretion
- Trophic effect on exocrine pancreas
- May have role in control of food intake
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)

• Chemistry - Member of secretin


family
- 9 AA identical to secretin

• Stimuli / release -
- Released from duodenum and proximal
jejunum
- All major foodstuffs

• Physiological effects -
- Stimulates insulin release (also
called glucose-dependent
insulinotrophic peptide - GIP)
- Inhibits gastric acid secretion
Motilin

• Chemistry - 22 AA peptide
• Stimuli / release -
- Released from duodenum and proximal
jejunum during fasting at 100 min
intervals
- Release is under neural control

• Physiological effects -
- Stimulates upper G.I. motility
- Accounts for the migrating motility
complex, “ housekeeping contractions”
Somatostatin
 14 & 28 amino acid forms.

 Found in hypothalamus, throughout CNS and Gut (including pancreas)

 Major inhibitory peptide of Gut. Inhibits secretion of


insulin
glucagon
CCK
secretin
gastrin
VIP
somatostatin (autocrine)
Glucagon Like Peptide-1
(GLP-1)
 Produced by digestive tract.
 Acts to give feeling of satiety
 Inhibits gastric emptying
 Inhibits glucose absorption from the gut
 Increases insulin secretion
 Increases pancreatic β-cell mass

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