GLOBAL

WARMING
CLIMATE CHANGE
BY
GROUP 2b
 Contents
01 Introduction

02 Effects of Climate Change

03 Climate Change Adaptation

04 Climate Change Mitigation

05 Conclusion
 Objectives
By the end of this presentation, students should be able to;
• State the effects of climate change
• Understand the concept of;
i. Climate change adaptation
ii. Climate change mitigation
 INTRODUCTION
• Climate change is a long-term (years to centuries) change
in meteorological and environmental conditions that alter
the average of weather patterns due to natural or human
causes, or both.
• Why should we care?
• Climate-related hazards are having, and are project to
have, costly impacts on human and natural systems.
 Effects of climate change
• The effects of climate change span the impacts on physical
environment, ecosystems and human societies due to
ongoing human-caused climate change.
• The future impact of climate change depends on how much
nations reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate
change.
• Melting ice and rising seas, Extreme weather, shifting rainfall,
Risks for human health, etc. are some of the effects of climate
change.
 Effects of climate change
• Melting ice and rising seas: When water warms up it expands. At
the same time global warming causes polar ice sheets and glaciers
to melt. The combination of these changes is causing sea levels to
rise, resulting in flooding and erosion of coastal and low lying
areas.
• Extreme weather, shifting rainfall: Heavy rain and other extreme
weather events are becoming more frequent. This can lead to
floods and decreasing water quality, but also decreasing
availability of water resources in some regions.
 Effects of climate change
• Risks for human health: Climate change can also impact human
health by worsening air and water quality, increasing the spread of
certain diseases, and altering the frequency or intensity of extreme
weather events. We are already seeing changes in the distribution of
some water-borne illnesses and disease vectors.

• Costs for society and economy: Damage to property and

infrastructure and to human health imposes heavy costs on society
and the economy. Sectors that rely strongly on certain temperatures
and precipitation levels such as agriculture, forestry, energy and
tourism are particularly affected.
 Effects of climate change
• Risks for wildlife: Climate change is happening so fast that many
plants and animal species are struggling to cope. Many terrestrial,
freshwater and marine species have already moved to new
locations. Some plant and animal species will be at increased risk of
extinction if global average temperatures continue to rise
unchecked.
Effects of climate change
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MITIGATION
Adaptation
• Improving our ability to cope with, or avoid, harmful
impacts; or taking advantage of newly favorable
conditions. Reducing risk and vulnerability; or exploiting
opportunities.
• Countries and regions that fail to adapt will contribute to
global insecurity through the spread of disease, conflicts
over resources, and a degradation of the economic
system.
• Given the far-ranging adverse impacts of climate change,
adaptation must be an integral component of an effective
strategy to address climate change, along with mitigation.
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MITIGATION
Mitigation
• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions &/or removing
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can lessen the
severity of climate change & its impacts.

• Both adaptation and mitigation are intricately linked— the

more we mitigate, the less we have to adapt.

• However, even if substantial efforts are undertaken to

reduce further greenhouse gas emissions, some degree
of climate change is unavoidable and will lead to adverse
impacts, some of which are already being felt.
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MITIGATION
• Climate change increases risk, particularly for those
who rely on weather patterns, agriculture, water,
and other natural resources for their livelihoods.

• The magnitude, timing, and location of these

climate impacts are inherently unpredictable, but
the threats are not likely to be new; they will, in most
cases, be magnifications of existing threats.
 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MITIGATION

• Given these uncertainties, adaptation strategies

should be based on “upstream” interventions that
will yield benefits regardless of specific, climate-
related events.

• The following highlights adaptation challenges in

three key sectors that are crucial to sustainable
development: ecosystems and natural resources,
food and agriculture, and health.
 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MITIGATION
• The difference between climate change mitigation strategies and
climate change adaptation is that mitigation is aimed at tackling
the causes and minimizing the possible impacts of climate
change, whereas adaptation looks at how to reduce the negative
effects it has and how to take advantage of any opportunities
that arise.
• Where mitigation strategies fail to reach emissions containment
targets, climate resilience will be key to lessen the impacts of
climate change and pave the way for our survival, along with
the rest of the Earth's inhabitants.
 ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
Alongside mitigation measures to stem global warming, measures
for adapting to climate change also need to be encouraged, some
adaptation strategies are listed below:
• Erecting buildings and infrastructure that is safer and more
sustainable.
• Replanting forests and restoring damaged ecosystems.
• Diversifying crops so that they are better able to adapt to changing
climates.
• Investigating and developing innovative solutions to prevent and
manage natural catastrophes.
• Developing action plans for climate emergencies.
 MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Climate change is an uphill battle, but with our combined efforts and
suitable mitigation actions we can minimise the damage it causes,
below are some climate change mitigation strategies:
• Improving energy efficiency and opting for renewable energy over
fossil fuels.
• Promoting public transport and sustainable mobility by increasing
the numbers of journeys in towns by bicycle, reducing the number
of flights and taking more trips by train or in shared cars.
• Promoting ecological industry, agriculture, fishing and livestock
farming, food sustainability, responsible consumption and the 3Rs
rule (reduce, reuse, recycle).
• By taxing the use of fossil fuels and CO 2 emissions markets.
 Conclusion

• It's important that we understand how the climate is

changing, so that we can prepare for the future.

• Studying the climate helps us predict how much rain the

next winter might bring, or how far sea levels will rise
due to warmer sea temperatures.

• It is important to learn about climate change adaptation as;

• Adaptation can help decrease climate risk via the three risk
factors: hazards, vulnerability and exposure.
 Conclusion
• Prepare for longer, more intense fire seasons and also to
ensure disaster and public health plans account for more
severe weather.

• The goal of mitigation is to avoid significant human

interference with the climate system, and “stabilize
greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow
ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change.
 Conclusion
• Also to ensure that food production is not threatened
and to enable economic development to proceed in a
sustainable manner”.
(from the 2014 report on Mitigation of Climate Change from
the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, page 4).
THANK YOU
 REFERENCES
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EPA. (2018). Impacts of Climate Change | US EPA. Retrieved 7 April 2022, from
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Climate change consequences. (2018). Retrieved 7 April 2022, from

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Climate change consequences. (2019). Retrieved 7 April 2022, from

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Wikipedia. (2018). Effects of climate change - Wikipedia. Retrieved 7 April 2022, from
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Effects of Climate Change | Threats | WWF. (2016). Retrieved 7 April 2022, from
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 Group Members
Name Index Number
Michael Obeng Mensah
200005051

Isaac Lakutey 200024429

Rahid Yussif 200029022
Julius Kwesi Ametepeh
200007209

Suraiya Ibrahim 200041678

Christian Ofori Bempong
200002442

Peter Yaw Adjei 200017636

Afrane Owusu Kwame
200007661

Edmond Abu 200003084

Asante Kofi Fredrick
200007154