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Differential Sticking in Drilling Operations

Here are the key points we discussed about differential sticking: - Differential sticking occurs when there is a pressure difference between the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling mud and the pore pressure in a permeable formation. This pressure difference causes the drill string to be held against the wellbore wall. - Factors that contribute to differential sticking include no string movement, the drill string being in contact with the filter cake, a thick filter cake building up, an overbalanced mud weight, and a lack of circulation. - Initial actions to free differentially stuck pipe include circulating at maximum rate, applying torque and jarring down, reducing pump speed and slackening off. Secondary actions include spotting a pipe releasing pill. - It

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511 views13 pages

Differential Sticking in Drilling Operations

Here are the key points we discussed about differential sticking: - Differential sticking occurs when there is a pressure difference between the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling mud and the pore pressure in a permeable formation. This pressure difference causes the drill string to be held against the wellbore wall. - Factors that contribute to differential sticking include no string movement, the drill string being in contact with the filter cake, a thick filter cake building up, an overbalanced mud weight, and a lack of circulation. - Initial actions to free differentially stuck pipe include circulating at maximum rate, applying torque and jarring down, reducing pump speed and slackening off. Secondary actions include spotting a pipe releasing pill. - It

Uploaded by

Daniyar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Stuck Pipe Prevention Overview
  • Definition and Causes of Differential Sticking
  • String and Filter Cake Dynamics
  • Pressure and Time Considerations
  • Filter Cake Behavior
  • Factors Influencing Sticking Force
  • Releasing Differential Sticking
  • Use of Spotting Pills
  • Multiple Wellbore Challenges
  • Differential Sticking Conditions
  • Stuck Pipe Mechanism Matrix
  • Section Test
  • Discussion Time

• Differential Sticking

Differential Sticking

The pore pressure in a


permeable formation is
much less than the
hydrostatic pressure of
the mud column. Drill
Collar
Sticking
This difference in Force
pressure holds the BHA
against the side of the
well bore.
STRING
STATIC FILTER
CONTACTS
FILTER CAKE CAKE
STATIC FILTER CAKE
ANGLED WELLBORE/
INCREASES CAKE
UNSTABILISED BHA
THICKNESS.
INCREASES
POTENTIAL. HYDROSTATIC THE STATIC FILTER
PRESSURE CAKE SEALS HSP
4”OD
STRING MOTION FROM THE BACK SIDE
OF PIPE.
STOPPED
DIFFERENTIAL FORCE
NO STRING MOTION OR BEGINS TO DEVELOP.
CIRCULATION
DEVELOPS STATIC
CAKE.
Differential Sticking

LOW
PRESSURE TIME
AREA DEPENDENT
Hydrostatic
AN AREA OF LOW
PRESSURE Pressure.
WITH TIME, THE
DEVELOPS AREA OF PIPE
BETWEEN THE PIPE 5000PSI
SEALED IN THE
& FILTER CAKE FILTER CAKE
OVERBALANCE INCREASES.
PRESSURE
ACROSS THE LOW PRESSURE AREA IMMEDIATE ACTION
CONTACT AREA IS REQUIRED TO
DETERMINES THE FREE THE DRILL
DIFFERENTIAL
FORCE.
DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE STRING.
Dynamic filter cake

As the losses increase


the filter cake builds.

Static filter cake

Dynamic filter cake Bridging zone

Mud spurt invasion zone

Mud flow
Increasing ECD
Uncontaminated formation.
Differential Sticking
Sticking Force = P x A x C
3” Wall Contact
Factors
1. No Pipe Movement Contact = 3 x 12 x 30
Area = 1080 sq in
2. String in Contact Overbalance = 2,200 psi

30 ft Sand Section
3. Permeable Formation P – Overbalance psi
A – Contact Area sq in
C – Mud friction factor
4. Thick Wall Cake (.2-.3 water base
.1- .2 oil base)
5. Overbalance MW Sticking = 2200 x 1080 x .2
Force = 475,200 lbs
Freeing Differential Sticking
 Initial action

Circulate at maximum rate to clean cuttings
from BHA.

Work maximum torque down to the stuck
point and hold the torque in the string.

Stop or reduce pump speed.

Slack off to maximum set-down and allow
time for down jar blow.
Down

Continue working torque and jarring down. Jar!!

 Secondary action
 Spot pipe releasing pill and continue jarring
down. Allow time for pill to work.

When pipe is free; Rotate and work the string


and circulate at maximum rate.
Spotting Pills
• Prepare the pill as soon as possible.
• Use 50% excess.
• If stuck point is unknown then cover the
complete open hole section.
• Pills should be over 2 ppg over the mud
weight.
• Spot the pill in maximum rate possible leaving
a reserve volume in side the pipe.
• Work pipe once the pill is spotted.
• Allow a minimum of 12 hrs for the pill to work.
• Differential stuck pipe can also occur opposite
the drill pipe . If none of the above work
consider backing off and using a wash over
string.
• Backing off and using a DST tool to reduce
hydrostatic head.
• Pills remove filter cake so be as alert for
increase losses or well control problems.
More than One Problem?
washouts
Shale cavings

Sandstone
Cutting beds

Filter cake build up


Shale

ledging Limestone

In any one well problems may exist. For


squeezing example an increase in weight may be
required to control cavings back up the
Salt hole .may cause differential below.
Differential Sticking (Wall Sticking)
Condition
P: Permeable Formation.

I: Insufficient String movement.

S: String in contact with filter cake.

T: Thick filter cake.

O: Overbalance.

L: Lack of circulation.
2 4 2
Section Test.
1] If you encounter a differential problem it is best practice for the driller to begin pipe movement in an
upward direction?
TRUE / FALSE.

2] Using under gauge stabilizers in the drill pipe above the BHA may help when designing the string to drill
through a zone where differential problems may be encountered?

TRUE/ FALSE.

3] The length of the BHA should be as long and as stiff as possible to avoid differential sticking
problems?

TRUE / FALSE.

4] It is important to rotate the string on connections and keep the pipe moving to avoid getting
differentially stuck?
TRUE / FALSE.

5] Survey methods which result in the pipe remaining static should be avoided when considering
differentially stuck pipe prevention?

TRUE/ FALSE.

6] Why is it important to plan ahead with pit space requirements when considering differential
problems? Please write your answer below.
Lets Talk
Discussion Time

• Differential Sticking Differential Sticking
Differential Sticking The pore pressure in a permeable formation is much less than the hydrostatic pressure of the mu
STRING CONTACTS FILTER CAKE ANGLED WELLBORE/ UNSTABILISED BHA INCREASES POTENTIAL. STRING MOTION STOPPED NO ST
LOW PRESSURE AREA AN AREA OF LOW PRESSURE DEVELOPS BETWEEN THE PIPE & FILTER CAKE OVE
Dynamic filter cake As the losses increase the filter cake builds. Mud flow Increasing ECD Dynamic filter cake Bridging z
Differential Sticking Factors Sticking Force = P x A x C 30 ft Sand Section 3” Wall Contact Contact Area Sticking Force
 Initial action  Circulate at maximum rate to clean cuttings from BHA.  Work maximum torque down to the stuck point
Spotting Pills • Prepare the pill as soon as possible. • Use 50% excess. • If stuck point is unknown then cover the comp
More than One Problem? Limestone Shale In any one well problems may exist. For example an increase in weight may be req
Differential Sticking (Wall Sticking) Condition P: Permeable Formation. I: Insufficient String movement. S: String

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