Belt drive

It is a mechanical drive in which the driving shaft and driven shaft are connected by a
flexible link(belt) through pulleys mounted on the shaft.

Belts and chain drives are called as flexible drives.

Types of belt drives:

Light duty-5kw,10m/sec(PUMP,BLOWERS,FANS)

Medium duty-Transmit power upto20kw,20m/s

Heavy duty->20kw,>20m/s.
Types of belts
1. Based on centre distance between the
axes of driving and driven shafts
(5m-20m,flat belts)

Belts used for short distances(<5m,v-belt).

2. Based on structures.

a. Flat belt ,v-section belt(single v-belt,

multiple v- belt, Ribbed belt, toothed belt

& round belt).

Belt Drive
 Belt drives- animation
• [Link]
TYPES OF BELTS
Factors influencing the selection of Belt drives

Power to be transmitted.

Space availability for installation of drives.

Speed of machinery shafts.

Speed reduction ratio.

Distance between the axes of rotating shafts.

Service conditions due to operating period and surroundings.

FLAT BELTS

When the power is to be transmitted

between two shafts at(5- 15) mtrs Flat belt
drive is needed.

Flat belt is a flexible connector of

rectangular cross- section usually having
large width and small
thickness,connnecting two
pulleys,mounterd upon two shafts.

Made of thin sheets and are laminated

one over the other to form thick
[Link] sheets are called as plies.(3
Ply,4 Ply,6 Ply & 8 Ply with standard based
on R10 series.
 Belt material

Strong ,flexible and durable.

High coefficient of friction.

Leather, cotton fabraic,rubber,some animals hair, silk etc.,.

Flat belts-Dunlop company making two grades of [Link]-SPEED fabric for light and
medium duty(878 kg/m3). 2. FORT FABRIAC- heavy duty(of normal weight
949kg/m3).
 Types of flat belt joints

Open belt drive:

Shafts of driving and
Cemented joints, driven members are
Types of flat belt
crest joints, Laced kept parallel and the Cross belt drives :
drives-
joints, Hinged joints. direction of rotation
of both pulleys are
same.
TYPES
 Law of Belting

It states that – The centre line of the

belt when it approaches the pulley
must lie in the mid plane of that
pulley which should be
perpendicular to the axes of pulley.
Otherwise the belt will runoff the
pulley.
 Crowning of the pulley

Pulleys are provided a slight

conical shapes or convex
shapes In their rims outer
Usually Crowning
surface in order to prevent
height may be 1/96
the belt from running off in of pulley face width.
the pulley due to Centrifugal
[Link] is known as
Crowning of the Pulley.
 Design of flat belts

The essential parameters of flat belt like width

thickness, length and the type of belt are determined

based on two methods.

1. Using fundamental formulas.

2. Using manufacture’ catalogues.

BELT DIG
 Fundamental Formulas
• When the driving pulley rotates the driven pulley by belt, the belt pulling
side is known as tight side and belt releasing side is known as slack side.
• If the centre distance and the selected materials of belts and pulleys are
kept proper,the belts can have sufficient grip over the pulley without any
slip and the power transmission is properly maintained.
• P=(TI-T2)x V /1000 KW
• Where T1=Tensions in the tight side in Newtons,
• T2=Tensions in the slack side ,
• v = velocity of belt in m/s,
• v=pie*d*n/60*1000 m/s,
• Ratio between the tensions of tight and slack side,
• T1/T2= e µΘ
Typical flat belt system
Flat belt pulley
 Flat belt pulley
• It is a cylindrical member, in which thickness of rim is small and
width is large.
• The flat belt is laid on the pulley and power is transmitted from
the driving shaft to the driven shaft by the belt drive setup.
• Pulleys are made into [Link] or web type,
• [Link] and hub type model.

• If the size of pulley is very large,it is made into splitted rim

model.
• Pulley material: Depends on size and velocity of pulley, working
environment. C.I,STEEL, WOOD ,COMPRESSED PAPER.
 DIMENSIONS OF PULLEY RIM
• Pulley diameter: the rim diameter can be determined
from the velocity ratio and centrifugal force.
• Due to centrifugal force acting on the rim,the
rim has a tendency to expand which is restrained by the arms.
• Ft=pv2(p=kg/m3=7200 for ci),
• v=pie.d.n/60
• Rim width(B):The width of rim is decided by the width
of belt . If the belt width is known the rim width(i.e pulley
width) is given some extra [Link] standard
dimensions are given in the data book.
 PULLEY DESIGN
• Rim thickness(t):t=D/200+3mm for single belt.
• =D/200+6mmfor double belt
• where D =Diameter of pulley.
• (iv)Crown thickness(h):pulley is provided a
slight conical shape or convex shape in its rim rim
outer surface in order to prevent the belt from
running off the pulley due to centrifugal force.
This is known as crown of pulley.
 Flat belt drives-design procedure
[Link] considering the given conditions like power, type of working conditions, diameters of
pulley, speed ratio etc, determine maximum power(Design power).

= Rated power x Service factor x Arc of contact factor.

Select service factor based on nature of load and applications .(PSG.7.53 or JAL DB-23.7).

And choose Arc of contact factor based on the arc of contact of the belt on the smaller
pulley.(PSG.7.5).& Jal DB 23.7).

2. Decide the type of belt(no of plies of belt) based on the belt speed and dia .of smaller
pulley.(7.52)&TAB.23.9

[Link] calculate the Belt rating(power transmitting capacity/mm width).

 Flat belt drive-design procedure

4. Find the required width by dividing the design power by belt

capacity and adopt the next standard available width.

5. Determine the length of belt based on type of drive and then

reduce certain amount of length so as to get initial tension(i.e to
make the belt to hold the pulley firmly for getting proper grip).

6. Find out pulley dimensions and draw the arrangement of belt

drive.
 PULLEY DESIGN
• Dimension of arms:
• 1. number of arms: n=4 for pulley dia upto
450mm .
• n=6 for Pulley dia over 450 mm.
• When the pulley dia is less than 200mm,the
pulley is usually made with solid disc.
• [Link]- section of arms:Elliptical shape.
Pulley rim
Pulley rim -2
 V-BELTS-designing steps
• Another type of flexible connectors for
transmitting power from one pulley to another.
(whose centre distances are 3meters).
• Cross- section is trapezoidal .
• Materials: cord and fabric, impregnated with
rubber.
• Manufactures are,Good year,Fenner india ltd .
• Types of V-BELTS: various grades based on their
power transmitting capacities as A,B,C,D and E.
Basic formulas of v-belts
V-BELTS