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Assignment On Pinus

The document summarizes the reproduction process in pine trees (Pinus). It describes the male and female cones, also known as staminate and carpellate strobili. The male cone contains microsporophylls that produce microspores/pollen grains. The female cone contains megasporophylls that develop megaspores, one of which forms the female gametophyte/endosperm tissue containing archegonia. Fertilization occurs when pollen tubes deliver sperm to the archegonia, fusing with eggs to form zygotes.

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Nazmul Tanjeel Khan
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2K views9 pages

Assignment On Pinus

The document summarizes the reproduction process in pine trees (Pinus). It describes the male and female cones, also known as staminate and carpellate strobili. The male cone contains microsporophylls that produce microspores/pollen grains. The female cone contains megasporophylls that develop megaspores, one of which forms the female gametophyte/endosperm tissue containing archegonia. Fertilization occurs when pollen tubes deliver sperm to the archegonia, fusing with eggs to form zygotes.

Uploaded by

Nazmul Tanjeel Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction: Presents the topic of the assignment, which is about Pinus, setting the context for the detailed sections that follow.
  • Reproduction of Pinus: Describes the monoecious nature of Pinus and its reproductive structures, including sporophylls and cones.
  • Male Cone: Details the structure and function of the male cone in Pinus reproduction, including microsporophylls and pollen grains.
  • Female Cone: Explains the structure and development of the female cone, highlighting megasporophylls and ovules.
  • Gametophytic Phase: Describes the development of gametophytes from microspores and megaspores, including the formation of male and female gametophytes.
  • Fertilization: Covers the process of fertilization in Pinus, highlighting the role of pollen tubes and the formation of a diploid zygote.

Assignment On Pinus

Reproduction Of Pinus
• The Pinus is monoecious plant which shows
the sporophytic generation. It produce
sporophylls appearing usually in separate
cones or strobilli.
• The male and female cones are known as
staminate strobilus and carpellate strobilus,
respectively. The Pinus does not show
vegetative reproduction
Male Cone
• The mail cone simple compact and oval structure and about 2-
3diameter
• They are found to occur in clusters, near the tip of the long shoots.
• Each male cone bears a short and elongated central axis upon which a
large number of microsporophylls or stamens are arranged spirally.
• A microsporophyll consists of a stalk and a terminal leaf-like expanded
structure while the apex is slightly bent upwards.
• Each microsporophyll bears two pouch-like microsporangia on its ventral
surface.
• Each microsporangium produces a several microspores (pollen grains).
• The wall of each microspore is covered by inner intine and an outer exine.
 
• The microspores are winged and yellow in color. In this case, wings help in
the dispersal of spores by wind.
Fig: male cone of pinus
Female cone
• Female Cone (ovulate strobilus)
• The female cones are larger and compound in nature. They are formed in
clusters of 1-4 in the axils of scale leaves of long shoots.
• It bears a central axis upon which a large number of megasporophylls are
arranged spirally.
• Each megasporophyll has short stalk with a large ovuliferous scale on the upper
surface and a small bract scale on the lower surface. Each ovuliferous scale bears
two inverted megasporangia on its upper surface towards the base.
• Each megasporangium consists of nuceller tissue
• The nuceller tissue divide meiotically and produced four megaspores.
• Of these four megaspores, only the lower most one is functional while others
degenerate. The only functional megaspore increases in size and takes part in
the development of the female gametophyte. 
Fig: Female Cone
Gametophytic phase
• Male gametophyte: The microspore is the first cell of the male
gametophyte.
• The microspore first divides to form a very small first prothellial cell
and a large cell. The large cell then cuts off a second prothellial cell
adjacent to the first one and the remaining of the large cell forms the
antheridial cell. The two prothellial cells soon degenerate. The
antherdial cell again divides to form a small generative cell above and
a large tube cell below. The nucleus of tube cell is known as tube
nucleus which regulates the growth of the pollen tube.
• The microspores are dispersed with the help of wind.
• Then a number of microspores reach the megasporangium (ovule)
where they are attached with sticky mucillagenous substance from the
micropyle.
Gmetophytic phase
• Female gametophyte: The functional megaspore is the first cell of the female
gametophyte. It germinates within the megasporangium. The functional megaspore
enlarges in size, its nucleus divides repeatedly by free nuclear divisions to form about
2,500 daughter nuclei. All the nuclei lie in the cytoplasm of the megaspore.
• After that, a large central vacuole is produced, whereby the cytoplasm together with
the nuclei moves towards the periphery. After pollination, development of the
female gametophyte takes place again.
• The walls are broken down around the nuclei and ultimately, a solid mass of thin
walled cells are formed. The massive tissue thus formed within the megaspore. It is
known as the female gematophyte. It is often referred to as the endosperm. The
endosperm tissue is haploid (n).
• A few flask shaped archegonia (2-3) are formed from the superficial cells (archegonial
initials) that lie towards the micropylar end of the female gematophyte.
• A mature archegonium consists of a neck of eight cells, one ventral canal cell and a
large egg. There is no neck canal cell.
Fertilization

• After a year of pollination, fertilization occurs.


The pollen tube moves downwardly and
reaches the neck of the archegonium. It then
penetrates the neck and the tip of which
bursts to discharge the two male gametes.
One of the male gamete unites with the egg to
form a diploid zygote.

Assignment On Pinus
Reproduction Of Pinus • The Pinus is monoecious plant which shows the sporophytic generation. It produce sporophylls appea
Male Cone • The mail cone simple compact and oval structure and about 2- 3diameter • They are found to occur in clusters, nea
Fig: male cone of pinus
Female cone • Female Cone (ovulate strobilus) • The female cones are larger and compound in nature. They are formed in clust
Fig: Female Cone
Gametophytic phase • Male gametophyte: The microspore is the first cell of the male gametophyte. • The microspore first div
Gmetophytic phase • Female gametophyte: The functional megaspore is the first cell of the female gametophyte. It germinates
Fertilization • After a year of pollination, fertilization occurs. The pollen tube moves downwardly and reaches the neck of

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