Third
Quarter
Activity Time!
__ O __ __ A N __ __S
VOLCANOES
Activity Time!
D __ S __
DUST
Activity Time!
V __ __ C A __ I __ __ S __
VOLCANIC ASH
Activity Time!
P __ __ __ O L C __
PHIVOLCS
Are you
familiar
with this?
Are you
familiar
with this?
What is a volcano?
VOLCANO
- It is a hill, mountain, or fissure that has an opening
or rupture where molten rocks, hot gases, and ash
from under the ground are ejected.
VOLCANO
Formed in convergent and divergent
plate boundaries
Formed also over a hotspot
VOLCANO
Can be seen in a large
volcanically active region
MAGMA CHAMBER
Where the magma is
stored underneath
Earth’s Surface.
What is a
magma?
MAGMA
is the molten or semi-
molten natural material
from which all igneous
rocks are formed.
VENT
Central opening of a
volcano
LAVA
Magma that reaches the
Earth’s surface
CONE
Volcanic materials that
set around the vent
FUMAROLE
Second vent where
volcanic gases are emitted
CRATER
Circular depression
that surrounds the
vent
CALDERA
Unusually large depression
ACTIVE AND INACTIVE
An active volcano is a volcano that has a record of
eruption within the last 600 years or has erupted
10,000 years ago based on analyses of its materials
An inactive volcano is the one that has no record of
eruption for the last 10,000 years and its physical
form is being changed by agents of weathering and
erosion through formation of deep and long gullies.
TYPES OF
VOLCANO
CINDER CONE VOLCANO
Built from volcanic
fragments called pyro clasts
Are small, usually 300
meters high
Formed near or inside large
volcanoes
COMPOSITE VOLCANO
Stratovolcanoes
The buildup layers of lava and
other pyroclastic materials
makes the side of the volcano
steep
It erupts explosively
PHREATIC OR HYDROTHERMAL
PHREATOMAGNETIC
STROMBOLIAN
VULCANIAN
PLINIAN
ACTIVITY:
Classify each volcano according to its
shape.
1.
Karthala Volcano
2.
Mt. Matutum
3.
Mt. Iraya
4.
Taal Volcano
5.
Mt. Fuji
6.
Mt. Rainier
7.
Mount Loa
8.
Mayon Volcano
9.
Fernandina Volcano
10.
Mt. Kanlaon
Week 2
Volcanic Eruption
Review!
What are the 5 types of
volcanic eruptions?
Why do
Volcanoes
Erupt?
What is volcanic eruption?
A volcanic eruption occurs when hot
materials from the earth’s interior are
thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, dust,
and gas compounds are some of these
“ejecta”.
What forms a volcano?
Volcanoes are formed when magma (liquid rock)
trapped underneath the Earth’s crust rises to the surface
and escapes through cracks. Space for the magma to
leave is very small and, as it travels, pressure builds,
meaning it escapes violently when released. This
escaping liquid rock becomes lava, which solidifies as it
travels. Layers of lava build up over time, creating
volcanoes.
What triggers an eruption?
Tectonic plates are key. They are large pieces of the
Earth’s crust that can move towards, away from, or
alongside one another, and in doing so can trigger a
volcanic eruption. Moving tectonic plates can cause
earthquakes, which then create fissures (these are
weaknesses or small tears in the Earth’s crust). When
fissures appear, the magma beneath the surface has
an opportunity to escape.
What happens during an eruption?
Eruptions vary depending on the type of volcano and the
different types of tectonic boundary they sit on. At destructive
boundaries - where tectonic plates are moving towards each
other - you’ll find composite volcanoes. Composite volcanoes
have very sticky and thick lava, which can make them very
explosive when they erupt: gas bubbles that are trapped in the
magma chamber find it hard to escape through the viscous rock.
They can also spurt lots of hot ash and rocks into the air, making
them extremely dangerous.
How do volcanoes erupt?
What causes a volcano to erupt?
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
BEFORE:
A. Learn about your community warning systems.
B. Be prepared for these disasters that can be spawned by volcanoes
• Earthquakes
• Flash Floods
• Landslides and mudflows
• Thunderstorms
• Tsunamis
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
BEFORE:
C. Make evacuation plans. You want to get to high ground away from the
eruption. Plan a route out and have a backup route in mind.
D. Develop an emergency communication plan. In case family members
are separated from one another during a volcanic eruption ( a real
possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at
schools), have a plan for getting back together.
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
BEFORE:
E. Ask an out-of-town relative or friend to serve as the “family contact”.
After a disaster , it’s often easier to call a long distance. Make sure
everyone knows the name, address and phone numbers of the contact
person.
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
BEFORE:
F. Have a disaster supplies on hand
• Flashlight and extra batteries
• First aid kit
• Emergency food and water
• Essential medicines, cash and credits
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
BEFORE:
G. Contact your local emergency management office or the
Philippine Red Cross Chapter for more information on
volcanoes.
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
DURING:
A. Follow the evacuation order issues by authorities.
B. Avoid area downwind of the volcanoes.
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
DURING:
C. If caught indoors
• Close all windows, doors and dampers.
• Put all machinery inside a garage
• Bring animals and livestock into closed shelters.
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
DURING:
D. If trapped outdoors
• Seek shelter indoors
• If caught in a rockfall, roll into a ball position to protect
head.
• Avoid low-lying areas
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
DURING:
E. Protect yourself
• Wear long sleeved shirts and pants
• Use goggles/eyeglasses to protect your eyes
• Wear mask to cover your nose and mouth
• Keep car or truck engines off.
F. Stay out of the area.
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
AFTER:
A. Listen to a radio or televisions for the latest emergency
information.
B. Stay away from volcanic ash fall.
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
AFTER:
C. When outside:
• Cover your nose and mouth. A number of victims of the
Mt. Pinatubo volcano died from inhaling ash.
• Wear goggles to protect your eyes
• Keep skin covered to avoid irritation or burns
Precautions in case of
Volcanic Eruption
AFTER:
D. If you have a respiratory ailment, avoid contact with any amount of
ash. Stay indoors until local health officials advise it is safe to go outside.
E. Avoid driving in heavy ash falls. Driving will stir up more ash that can
be clog engines and stall vehicles.
F. Clear roofs of ash fall. Ash fall is very heavy and can cause buidings to
collapse.
How do volcanic eruptions affect society?
Assignment:
Interview one of your family members, ask what
have they experienced during Mt. Pinatubo eruption.
Write and explain your answer in notebook with
minimum of 10 sentences and maximum of 15.
Deadline will be tomorrow.
Performance Task
Rubrics:
Creativity – 20
Content - 15
Cooperation – 10
Punctuality - 5
Volcanic Eruption
Kumusta?
The Philippines currently
holds the 3rd position
globally in terms of
geothermal installed
capacity.
What is Geothermal Energy?
“Geo” means Earth and “thermal” means heat.
It means heat from the Earth’s interior and also
the source of energy.
Two Geothermal Systems:
a. Conventional Geothermal System utilizes steam from
natural resources such as geysers or by drawing water from the
hot, high-pressure depths of Earth.
Two Geothermal Systems:
b. Supercritical Geothermal System a naturally occurring hot
water or steams flows heated by magma and circulating through
permeable rock. In volcanic geothermal energy, the heat comes
from supercritical. The energy from supercritical water is much
higher than conventional steam.
How is geothermal energy generated?
Geothermal energy is generated in two ways:
geothermal power plants and geothermal heat pumps.
They differ in the depth of heat source to produce energy.
In geothermal power plants, the heat from deep
inside the Earth is used to produce steam to generate
electricity.
In comparison with geothermal heat pumps, it uses
the heat coming from close to the Earth’s surface to
heat water or provide heat for buildings.
The Geothermal Power Plant
The following steps are followed to generate electricity in a
geothermal powerplant:
1. Wells are drilled deep into the earth to pump steam or hot water to the
surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water
to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces
electricity.
4. Cooling tower cools the steam and condenses it back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin the process again.
Write your answers on
your notebook.
