RESEARCH
Technical Terms Used in Research
Research establishes facts and
new findings through a
systematic investigation to In this part of the module, you will develop
contribute to an existing body thoughts or knowledge that will help you
of knowledge understand better the discussion of the lesson.
This ensures that you will discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
Research Title
Interview
Abstract
Interview Guide
Introduction
Conclusion
Literature
Results
Review
Cultural mapping
Methodology
What is research?
Research establishes facts and new findings
through a systematic investigation to
contribute to an existing body of knowledge.
TECHNICAL TERMS
USED IN RESEARCH
Technical Terms Used in Research
Research Title
- Is a subject or topic that researcher finds interesting when conducting
research. This needs to be narrowed down which will focus on the main
idea.
Abstract
- Summarizes all sections and helps readers decide whether or not to read
the entire report.
Introduction
-Presents background information, scope, and focus of the research paper.
Literature Review
- Provides a review of what others have written or researched on
concerning the topic. In some research reports, concept literature,
research literature, theoretical framework, conceptual framework,
research hypothesis, and definition of terms are also included.
Methodology
-Explains how the research was conducted. These include the research
design, population and sampling procedure, research instrument, data
gathering procedure, and data analysis procedure.
Discussion
-Presents the information gathered through the research.
Conclusion
- Provides the summary of the research. It brings the report to closure by
giving emphasis to ideas stated previously.
Results
-Contain other related information such as graphs, charts, tables, and lists.
Cultural Mapping
- Refers to a research tool to holistically understand the cultural assets of
a place based on the local knowledge of the people.
Interview
- Is a conversational practice where knowledge is produced through the
interaction between an interviewer and an interviewee or a group of
interviewees.
Interview Guide
- Summarizes the content that researchers cover during interviews. At one
extreme, it may provide very minimal directions, leading to “less
structured” interviews that are designed primarily to explore the
participant’s own perspective on the research topic.
Tips for Formulating Questions
✓ Pose open, rather than closed questions.
✓ Sequence interview questions from broad to narrow.
✓ Avoid the inclusion of possible responses in questions.
✓ Pose one question at a time.
✓ Avoid posing multi-part questions.
Questionnaire
- Is a set of questions to gather information in a survey. It may be in a
form of open-end format that allows the respondents to answer in any
way he or she wishes in his or her term, multiple choice format that
presents a question which is followed by a set of options pre-determined
by the researcher, or checklist format that is used exclusively or with
some use of free-response option.
Tips for Writing a Great Survey
Questionnaire
1. Focus on asking closed-ended questions.
2. Keep your survey questions neutral.
3. Keep a balanced set of answer choices.
4. Don’t ask for two things at once.
5. Keep your questions different from each other.
6. Let most of your questions be optional to answer.
Survey
- Is a statistical analysis of answers to a poll of a sample of a population, e.g. to determine
opinions, or knowledge.
Reference
- Is a list of all sources used in research.
Appendix
- Contains related information such as graphs, charts, tables, lists
Plagiarism
- Occurs when ideas, information, and even pictures are used without
proper acknowledgement of the original sources. Providing in-text
citation or parenthetical text from another source is a surefire method to
avoid plagiarism.
✓ Running Text According to Shane (2021), use of in-text citation shows
that the idea is not yours and that you acknowledge its rightful source.
✓ Within Parenthesis The use of in-text citation shows that the idea is not
yours and that you acknowledge its original source (Shane, 2001).
