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DC Load Flow

The document summarizes the DC load flow method for calculating power flows in transmission systems. It describes the key assumptions and equations for a 2-node and n-node power system. Specifically, it states that the DC power flow provides an approximate solution by linearizing the nonlinear AC power flow equations. It also notes that DC power flow is only good for calculating MW flows and not voltage magnitudes or reactive power.

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Solomon Manaye
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2K views14 pages

DC Load Flow

The document summarizes the DC load flow method for calculating power flows in transmission systems. It describes the key assumptions and equations for a 2-node and n-node power system. Specifically, it states that the DC power flow provides an approximate solution by linearizing the nonlinear AC power flow equations. It also notes that DC power flow is only good for calculating MW flows and not voltage magnitudes or reactive power.

Uploaded by

Solomon Manaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DC load flow

The dc power flow equations


• constitute a linear approximation of the nonlinear power flow
equations around a given solution of these equations.
• Therefore, they provide an approximate solution.
• The DC power flow is only good for calculating MW flows on
transmission lines and transformers.
Two-Node Power System
• Consider the two-node power system depicted in Fig. below.
• We assume that the shunt admittances, as well as the series
resistance of the transmission line connecting both nodes are
negligible, which is an assumption generally valid in transmission
systems.
• Thus, the voltage difference between nodes 1 and 2 can be computed
as:

where x is the reactance of the transmission line.


In this system, the complex power injection at node 1 is:

while the complex power injection at node 2 is:

substituting i
Thus, the active power injections at nodes 1 and 2 are:
In transmission systems, the two additional assumptions below are generally valid:

1. the voltage magnitudes are close to 1 in per unit and, thus

2. the angle differences across lines are small and, thus In radian

Using the above two assumptions

dc power flow equations for the two-node power system


• Example 1 consider a two node power system with series impedance
of 0.2 pu and neglect shunt impedance.

The above equations constitute a set of two linear equations and four unknowns

1. node #1 is the slack/reference node and, thus,


2. node #2 is a PQ node, whose active power consumption is 1 puMW and,
thus, P2 = -1 puW.
Thus, the dc power flow equations become:

Therefore, the solution of the dc power flow problem for the considered two-
node power system is:

P1= 1 puW
δ2 = -0.2 rad
n-Node Power System
• As previously stated, the simplifying assumptions below are generally
valid in transmission systems:
1. Voltage magnitudes are close to 1 in per unit and, thus:

2. Resistances are much smaller than reactances and, thus:

3. Angle differences across transmission lines are small and, thus:


Taking into account the above assumptions, the active power flow equations
become:
• Example 2 Determine the power flow and slack bus power by dc load
flow analysis .
• Susceptance matrix :

Deleting the row and column of the reference bus


• P12 = (θ1 - θ2 ) = 60 MW
• P13 = (θ1 – θ3 ) = 5 MW
• P23 = (θ2 – θ3 ) = -40 MW
• Slack bus power :
• P3 = -(P1 + P2 ) = -(65-100)MW
• P3 = 35 MW

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