Rifty Valley University harar campus
Introduction to pharmacy group assignment
Clinical pharmacy department
Group 5 students
SUBMITTED TO INSTRUCTUR MR. JEMAL
A
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1.What is the difference between hospital
pharmacy and community pharmacy
1.Hospital pharmacy
Hospital pharmacies can often be found within the premises of the hospital.
Hospital pharmacies usually stock a larger range of medications, including more
specialized medications, than would be not feasible in the community setting.
Most hospital medications are unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine.
Pharmacies within hospitals differ considerably from community pharmacies.
Some pharmacists in hospital pharmacies may have more complex clinical medication
management issues whereas pharmacists in community pharmacies often have more
complex business and customer relations issues.
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Patient compliance issues (in the hospital and at home) many pharmacists practicing in hospitals gain more education and training
after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area
Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists and they often specialize in various disciplines of pharmacy.
For example, there are pharmacists who specialize in
Oncology,
HIV/AIDS, infectious disease
Critical care, emergency medicine
Toxicology
Nuclear pharmacy(Radiopharmaceuticals)
Pain management
Psychiatry
Anti-coagulation
Herbal medicine,
Neurology/epilepsy management
Pediatrics, neonatal pharmacists and more.
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Classification of Hospitals
Hospitals can be classified on various criteria's.
Clinical aspect
Non clinical aspect
Medicine system
Size
Functions of hospitals
1) Patient care
Involves in Dx & Rx of illness or injury, preventive medicine, rehabilitation,
convalescence care and personalized service.
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2) Education
Education of medical and other allied health professionals and education of the patient.
3) Research
For the advancement of medical knowledge against disease and improvement of hospital
service.
4) Public health
To assist the community in reducing the incidence of illness and improving the general
health of population
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Role of pharmacy in Hospital Pharmacy
Pharmacists’ role in a hospital can be categorized into Four major
areas:
General responsibilities
Dispensing responsibilities
Clinical pharmacy service
Research
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A) GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Policies and procedures
Ensure that policies and procedure are established and followed
Ensure that all state and federal medication related regulation and accreditation
standards are followed
Competence
Maintains professional competence in area of responsibilities by updating their
knowledge and skill
Training and education
Ensure that new personnel are trained properly
Communicate on issues regarding new development
Provide drug information to the Pt & professional .
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B) DISPENSING RESPONSIBILITIES
Keep dispensing area neat and orderly
Ensure that medications are stored and dispensed properly
Check the prescription for any medication error
Ensure adequate controlled substance procedure is in place
Ensure that good techniques are used in compounding
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C) CLINICAL PHARMACY SERVICE
• Patient medication review, selection of drug therapy , Ward rounds,
• Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM), Drug information, In service education,
• Medication counseling, taking medication histories, drug utilization
evaluations,
• Adverse drug reaction (ADR) management and participation in specialty
teams
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D) RESEARCH
The focus of the research can be on;
Policies and procedures
Distribution and control
Clinical research
Scientific research
Pharmacy research
Multidisciplinary research
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2 .COMMUNITY PHARMACY
A community pharmacy retail pharmacy in industry terminology; or
apothecary, historically
It is a unique hybrid of professionalism and business.
Is the place where the dichotomy of the profession exists- health
professionals who are also retailers
Community pharmacy includes all of those establishments that are
privately owned and serve societies need for both drug products and
the pharmaceutical services.
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Community pharmacists are the most accessible health professionals to the general public
They are involved in:
Supply medicines with a prescription
Sell OTC drugs without a prescription
They maintain links with other health
professionals in primary health care.
Delivery of pharmaceutical care for community
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SCOPE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACY
Today for better health care delivery there is a requirement of an equal
participation of all health professionals to obtain a common goal of
disease prevention and health promotion.
Nowadays community pharmacists are paying their attention toward :
The health of the patients
Environment of the patients
The state of patients general wellness
Counseling of the patients about drug related matters, health,
diseased state, nutrition and drug abuse
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ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIST
1) Distribution and control of medications
Must assess all of the following:
Appropriateness of the medication
Appropriateness of dose for the particular patient
Appropriate dose scheduling
Patient allergy to medication
Potential drug interaction &Contraindication
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2) Preparation of compounded pharmaceutics
Majority of prescription dispensed are dosage forms prepared by manufacturers
Still many patients, need custom made dosage forms prepared to solve specific
problems b/c of :-
Patients may need extremely small dose
Patients may need preservative free products,
Liquid with special flavors or delivery system that is not commercially available
Some medication has short shelf life and need to be prepared at the time of
dispensing
For this unique needs many community pharmacists offer specialized compounding
services
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3) Pharmaceutical care in community pharmacy
Pharmaceutical care is defined as:
“The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite
outcome related to
the prevention or cure of a disease,
the elimination or reduction of patients symptom
the prevention, arrest or slowing disease process”
The End!
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Group one
Students Name
1. Ibsa Ahmed Yusuf...............0400
2.Firomsa Jamal Kabira...........0349
3.Kosera Adem Yusuf.................0368
4.Robe Aliyi Saman..........................0358
5.Shamil Mohamed Ibro......................0341
6.Abdulaziz Mohamed...............................0402
7.Sabontu Jemal............................................0389
8.Hamdia Abdulwasi...................0392
9.Hikma Xahir.......................................0394
10.Urjii Mohamed............................ 0411
11Mahadii Abdumaalik..................................0505
12. Barira Abdusabur............................................0415
13.Muna Abdela.......................0530
14. Hamza Abrahim.......................0344
15. Mu'aaz Abdisha.............0343
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