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04 Coding and Non Coding DNA

This document discusses genetic change through mutation and how it introduces new alleles into a population. It distinguishes between coding and non-coding DNA, with coding DNA containing instructions for protein synthesis and non-coding DNA not containing these instructions. Mutations in coding DNA usually affect protein production, while mutations in non-coding DNA were once thought to have no effect but are now known to impact gene expression and development. Both coding and non-coding mutations can predispose individuals to diseases and provide evolutionary advantages by buffering genetic areas.

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Ella Franklin
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94 views10 pages

04 Coding and Non Coding DNA

This document discusses genetic change through mutation and how it introduces new alleles into a population. It distinguishes between coding and non-coding DNA, with coding DNA containing instructions for protein synthesis and non-coding DNA not containing these instructions. Mutations in coding DNA usually affect protein production, while mutations in non-coding DNA were once thought to have no effect but are now known to impact gene expression and development. Both coding and non-coding mutations can predispose individuals to diseases and provide evolutionary advantages by buffering genetic areas.

Uploaded by

Ella Franklin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MODULE 6

Genetic Change
Inquiry Question 1
How does mutation introduce
new alleles into a population?
Content:
Distinguish between coding and non-coding DNA​
Outline the function of coding DNA​
Describe and explain the impacts of mutations in coding DNA​
Explain the impact of mutations in non-coding DNA​
Assess the significance of mutations in both coding and non-coding
DNA​

​
Coding and
Non-coding Mutations
Coding vs Non-Coding DNA

• Coding DNA - DNA that codes for protein synthesis


(called exons – they are expressed)
• Non-coding DNA – DNA that does not (called introns – in
between expressed genes)
Mutations in Coding DNA

• Mutations in coding
genes usually affect the
type or sequence of
amino acids in a protein
end-product
• have a direct effect on
proteins and the
phenotype of an
individual
Mutations in Non-Coding DNA
• Non-coding DNA has been found that many are involved
in gene expression but not all (switching genes on and off)
• Mutations in non-coding DNA were originally though to
have no phenotypic effect
• Research has shown that removing non-coding DNA in an
egg resulted in incomplete development → non-coding
DNA important during embryo development
• Mutations in germline cells may lead to developmental
abnormalities causing spontaneous abortion or congenital
abnormalities eg heart defects
Mutations in Non-Coding DNA
• Mutations in non-coding
DNA have been associated
with a predisposition to
specific diseases eg heart
disease, cancer, diabetes
• Evolutionists suggest that
non-coding DNA may hold
evolutionary advantage as it
buffers areas of genes from
each other to minimise
effects of frameshift
mutations
Mutations in Non-Coding DNA

• Non-coding DNA that does not control gene


expression and is highly repetitive is called junk
DNA
• Its nature and function is unknown
• Contains repeats of DNA sequences
• Origin of sequences believed to be from viruses
that insert their genetic material into host cell
DNA
Activity: Write another extended response 
Assess the significance of coding and non-coding DNA segments in the process
of mutation (6 marks)

To assess, you need to make a judgement of value, quality, outcomes, results


or size

• What are the features of coding DNA?


• What function/purpose does it have?
• What is the effect of mutation on coding DNA?
• What impact does this have?
• Repeat the above four questions for non-coding DNA
• Make a judgement on the significance of mutation in coding and non-coding
DNA

Upload your response to Teams

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