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Stoichiometry Calculations Guide

The document covers key concepts in stoichiometry including mole ratios from balanced chemical equations, the steps to solve stoichiometry problems by identifying known and unknown quantities and using appropriate conversion factors, and examples that demonstrate calculating values like moles

Uploaded by

Ronalda Guevarra
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71 views11 pages

Stoichiometry Calculations Guide

The document covers key concepts in stoichiometry including mole ratios from balanced chemical equations, the steps to solve stoichiometry problems by identifying known and unknown quantities and using appropriate conversion factors, and examples that demonstrate calculating values like moles

Uploaded by

Ronalda Guevarra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Stoichiometry

I. Stoichiometric
Calculations
A. Proportional Relationships

2 1/4 c. flour 3/4 c. brown sugar


1 tsp. baking soda 1 tsp vanilla extract
1 tsp. salt 2 eggs
1 c. butter 2 c. chocolate chips
3/4 c. sugar Makes 5 dozen cookies.
 I have 5 eggs. How many cookies
can I make?
Ratio of eggs to cookies
5 eggs 5 doz.
= 12.5 dozen cookies
2 eggs
A. Proportional Relationships

 Stoichiometry
• mass relationships between
substances in a chemical reaction
• based on the mole ratio

 Mole Ratio
• indicated by coefficients in a
balanced equation
2 Mg + O2  2 MgO
B. Stoichiometry Steps
1. Write a balanced equation.
2. Identify known & unknown.
3. Line up conversion factors.
• Mole ratio - moles  moles
• Molar mass - moles  grams
• Molarity - moles  liters soln
• Molar volume - moles  liters gas

• Mole ratio - moles  moles

Core step in all stoichiometry problems!!


4. Check answer.
C. Molar Volume at STP

1 mol of a gas=22.4 L
at STP

Standard Temperature& Pressure


0°C and 1 atm
C. Molar Volume at STP
LITERS
OF GAS
AT STP
Molar Volume
(22.4 L/mol)

MASS NUMBER
Molar Mass 6.02  1023
IN MOLES particles/mol OF
(g/mol)
GRAMS PARTICLES

Molarity (mol/L)

LITERS
OF
SOLUTION
D. Stoichiometry Problems

 How many moles of KClO3 must


decompose in order to produce 9
moles of oxygen gas?
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
? mol 9 mol

9 mol O2 2 mol KClO3


= 6 mol
3 mol O2 KClO3
D. Stoichiometry Problems
 How many grams of KClO3 are req’d to
produce 9.00 L of O2 at STP?
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
?g 9.00 L
9.00 L 1 mol 2 mol 122.55
O2 O2 KClO3 g KClO3
= 32.8 g
22.4 L 3 mol 1 mol KClO3
O2 O2 KClO3
D. Stoichiometry Problems
 How many grams of silver will be
formed from 12.0 g copper?
Cu + 2AgNO3  2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
12.0 g ?g

12.0 1 mol 2 mol 107.87


g Cu Cu Ag g Ag
= 40.7 g
63.55 1 mol 1 mol Ag
g Cu Cu Ag
 1. Mg(s) + HCl(aq)  MgCl (aq) + H (g)
2 2

 a. How many grams of HCl


are consumed by the reaction of
2.50 moles of magnesium?
 b. What is the mass in grams
of H2 gas when 5.0 moles of HCl
is added to the reaction?
2. 4 NH3 + 5 O2 6 H2O + 4 NO
 a. How many moles of H2O can be
made using 2.3 mol NH3?
 b. What mass of NH3 is needed to
make 0.75 mol NO?
 c. How many grams of NO can be
made from 47 g of NH3?

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