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VERTEBRATES
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 Is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded
by cartilage or bone. The word comes from
vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine.
 The presence of the vertebral column, or
backbone, is the unifying characteristics
among vertibrates.
 Include birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles,
and mammals.
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Homo sapiens
Thescientific name of
human species.
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FIVE GROUPS OF
VERTEBRATES
 Fishes  Birds
 Amphibians  Mammals
 Reptiles
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Give five
examples of
fish.
Fishes

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 Are vertebrates that live in water.
 They have a body shape adapted for living and moving in aquatic
habitats.
 Theirbodies are protected with scales. Their tail fin is used for
locomotion while their other fins are used for steering and
maintaining balance. They breathe through their gills.
 They mostly undergo external fertilization.
Fishes have many smaller

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groups or classes
Class Agnatha
Class Chondrichthyes
Class Osteichthyes
Class Agnatha

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 It includes the lampreys and hagfish.
 They are known as the jawless fishes. Their mouths are
equipped with sharp teeth that enable them to cling and
attach to other fish.
Class Chondrichthyes

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 Includes sharks, rays, and skates.
 It is also known as cartilaginous fishes.
 Their skeleton is made of cartilage instead of
bones. They are mostly found in warm, tropical
seas.
Class Osteichthyes

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 Thelarge group of fishes. Also known as bony
skeleton.
 They are the most diverse of the fish groups.
 Mostof the fishes you know belongs to this
group, such as milk fish, tilapia, and salmon.
 Theyhave a gas-filled sac, known as a swim
bladder, which helps them maintain balance.
Amphibians

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 Class Amphibia.
 The word Amphibia means “double lives” and refers to the
Amphibians’ ability to live both on land and water.
 They are also cold-blooded animals. They rely on their
surroundings to maintain their body temperature.
 They feed on insects, worms, and other animals.
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Give two
examples of
Amphibian.
Reptiles

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 Class Reptilia.
 They are considered to be more sophisticated than fish and
amphibians.
 They are cold-blooded animals. They can also live in water and
land, although they are more adapted and can live on land for
extended periods of time.
 Their body is covered with dry skin and hard scales.
 Their eggs have leathery shells that make them adapted for
developing on land.
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Give three
examples of
Reptiles.
Birds

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 Belongs to Class Aves.
 Are warm-blooded animals.
 They are able to regulate their body’s temperature. They remain active in cold
and warm climates.
 They have an efficient respiratory system that includes air sacs, which gives
them a unique mechanism of breathings.
 Birds have very light bodies, which consist of hollow bones.
 They also possess flight feathers, found in their wings and tails, which are
arranged in a way that help them carry and lift their bodies up in the air.
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Give five
examples of
Birds.
Mammals

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 Belongs to Class Mammalia.
 The term mammals came from the Greek word mamma which means “breast”.
 They are only group of animals with mammary glands, which produced milk
to nourish their young.
 All mammals are warm-blooded. They are able to self-regulate their internal
temperature.
 Their bodies are covered in fur or hair that serves as protection.
 They have more developed organ systems, too.
 For most mammals, the young develops inside the female’s body.
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Give five
examples of
mammals.
Placental mammals

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 The most common type of mammals.
 Theiryoung develops inside their uterus,
enclosed in placenta that gives them
nourishment. After a certain time, they are
born alive.
Monotremes

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 They are egg-laying mammals.
 Theyshare more characteristics with reptiles
than mammals.

Example:
Spiny anteater
Duck-billed platypus
Marsupials

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 Theykeep their young in pouches as they continue to
develop and grow. While in the pouch, the young
suckles on the mother’s milk nourishment.

Example:
Koalas
Kangaroos
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