SAFMC Logbook
By: Nicole, Rui Yao and Guang Yuan
Our Team
Group name: Riveriltes 2
Members:
● Nicole Tan, 6 Responsibility
● Chee Rui Yao, 5 Respect
● Chew Guang Yuan, 5 Respect
Profiles
Name: Nicole Tan Jia Jia
Level: Primary 6
School: Rivervale Primary School
When I was told I was able to join this competition again, i was every excited and happy at the
same time. But when my past teammates told me that they could not join, I was quite sad, lost
some of my confidence and did not know what to do. But under my Teachers and teammates
care, i was able to get more confident and and thus guide my teammates through this
competition. Even though i also met some challenges along the way, i learnt to overcome them
and be more confident.
Lastly, I would like to wish all the teams the best of luck! <3
Profiles
Name: Chee Rui Yao
Level: Primary 5
School: Rivervale Primary School
When I joined the competition, i was a bit nervous but at the
same time very excited, cause it was my first time being in a
competition and i didnt have confidence. But because of my
teammates guidance, i got confidence and I feel prepared now!
Lastly, best luck to all the other teams! :DD
Profiles
Name: Chew Guang Yuan
Level: Primary 5
School: Rivervale Primary School
I was excited and nervous at the same time when I was chosen to go for the science
competition. As this is the first time participating in a competition, I am a bit nervous.
Nevertheless, with my teammates support, I am prepared ! Good luck to other teams
too;)))))))))
What We Did
8 Feb - 12 Feb.
● Set up a Whatsapp chat
● Do lots of research eg. google, youtube
● Start doing the logbook
14 Feb - 20 Feb.
● Discuss and design experiments
● Do some entries on the logbook
● Experiment on which plane to use
21 feb - 28th feb
● Redo the experiments and film the video
● Complete the logbook
● Decide on our competition planes
1 mar - 7 mar
● Practice presentation
● Practice folding and throwing our competition planes
What is Aerodynamics?
Aerodynamics is the way objects move through air. The rules of aerodynamics
explain how an airplane is able to fly. Anything that moves through air is affected
by aerodynamics, from a rocket blasting off, to a kite flying
● What are the Four Forces of flight?
The four forces of flight are lift, weight, thrust and drag. These forces make an
object move up and down, and faster or slower. The amount of each force
compared to its opposing force determines how an object moves through the air.
Theory of flight – How does a paper aeroplane fly?
Four forces in balance
/ GRAVITY
Four Forces in Balance
Gravity is the opposite of lift, instead of pushing the plane up, gravity pulls the plane down.
When the gravity is stronger than the lift, the plane goes down. The heavier the plane is, the
more lift is needed for the plane to stay in the air longer.
Thrust is the forward movement of the plane. The initial thrust comes from the person who
threw the plane as the plane is launched. Thrust is also determined on which angle or direction
we throw the plane in.
When you throw the plane in the air, your giving the plane a push to move forward. While the
plane is moving forward, air moving over and under the wings is providing an upward lift
force on the plane. At the same time, air pushing back against the plane is slowing it down,
creating a drag force.
Lift comes when the air below the airplane wing is pushing up harder than the air above it is
pushing down. It is this difference in pressure that enables the plane to fly. Pressure can be
reduced on a wing's surface by making the air move over it more quickly.
How does drag affect the flight of a paper plane?
EXPERIMENT: Increase the drag of a plane of the same design and size by having more flaps
in each plane. Measure the distance each plane travels in each flight. HYPOTHESIS: The
greater the drag, the shorter the flight distance.
PLANE FLIGHT 1 (CM) FLIGHT 2 (CM) FLIGHT 3 (CM) AVERAGE
#1 (no flap) 530 657.5 570.5 586
#2 (2 flaps) 179 214 256 214.3
#3 (4 flaps) 306 90 116 170.6
OBSERVATIONS: Plane #3, with the most number of flaps and the most drag travels the
shortest distance.
CONCLUSION: The greater the drag, the shorter the flight distance.
How does lift affect the flight of a paper plane?
EXPERIMENT: Increase the lift of a plane of the same design and size by using paper planes of
different sizes of the wings.
HYPOTHESIS: The greater the lift, the longer the flight duration.
PLANE FLIGHT 1 (sec) FLIGHT 2 (sec) FLIGHT 3 (sec) AVERAGE
#1 (small wings) 1.4 1.8 2.82 2
#2 (medium wing) 2.33 1.95 1.8 2.02
#3 (Large wings) 2.06 1.77 1.66 1.83
OBSERVATIONS: Plane #1 travels the shortest distance
CONCLUSION: The greater the lift, the longer the flight duration up to a point. Hence, the larger
wings will shorten the flight duration as it increases drag and gravity
How does design affect the flight of a paper plane?
EXPERIMENT 1: Use different designed planes of the same size to measure the distance each plane travels
in each flight. HYPOTHESIS: The plane with the
most pointed front will fly the furthest.
PLANE FLIGHT 1 (CM) FLIGHT 2 (CM) FLIGHT 3 (CM) AVERAGE
#1 (blunt front) 30.5 50 104 61.5
#2 (very pointed 548 871 729 716
front)
#3 (less pointed 384 402 234 340
front)
#4 (straight edged 78 243 173 164
front)
OBSERVATIONS: Plane 2, which has the most pointed front travels the the furthest CONCLUSION:
Design 2 with the most pointed front travels the furthest.
How does design affect the flight of a paper plane?
EXPERIMENT 2: Use different designed planes of the same size to measure the
duration each plane travels in each flight..
HYPOTHESIS: The plane with the largest wings has the longest
duration.
PLANE FLIGHT 1 (SEC) FLIGHT 2 (SEC) FLIGHT 3 (SEC) AVERAGE
#1 (straight wings 30 29.5 30 30
with blunt front)
#2 (short wings with 30 31.5 29 30
a pointed front)
#3 (broad wings) 23 25 22 23.5
#4 (large wings.) 15 16 14 15
OBSERVATIONS: Plane 1 and 2 have about the same duration. Plane 4 has the shortest
duration.
What we learnt
● There are 4 forces that affects the flight of the paper plane and they are lift,
drag, gravity, thrust.
● The 4 forces must be in balance for the plane to fly far and long.
● Drag slows the plane down.
● The lesser the drag, the shorter the the distance travelled by the plane.
● The 4 forces of flight enable the plane to move forward, faster and slower.
● The design of the paper plane affects its flight.
● The greater the lift, the longer the flight duration up to a point.
● Larger wings will shorten the flight duration as it increases drag and gravity
Our chosen competition planes
Time Aloft: The Sky King
Boomerang: Home run boomerang
Distance: The Dart
THANK YOU!!!
We would like to thank our teacher for guiding us through this competition!!
Pictures adapted from:
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[Link]
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