BI2001B - Diseño de sistemas de

bioinstrumentación digital
Circuitos lógicos

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

Combinational Logic Circuits
 Combinational logic circuit 

 A combinational logic circuit is a circuit whose outputs only depend

on the current state of its inputs.

 In mathematical terms, each output is a function of the inputs.

 These functions can be described using logic expressions but is most

often (at least initially) using truth tables.

 Logic gates are the simplest combinational circuits. As we saw earlier,

their output is a very simple function of their inputs describable with a
very simple truth table. Naturally, the more inputs there are, the larger
the truth table

 Examples
• Decoders
• Demultiplexers
• Multiplexers
• Logic gates

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Circuitos lógicos combinatorios
SOP Combinational Logic Circuits

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Circuitos lógicos combinatorios
SOP Combinational Logic Circuits

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Circuitos lógicos combinatorios
AOI, POS Logic Circuits

DeMorgan 2nd theorem

DeMorgan 1st theorem

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Circuitos lógicos combinatorios
Exclusive-OR Logic Circuits

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Circuitos lógicos combinatorios
Exclusive-NOR Logic Circuits

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Circuitos lógicos combinatorios
Implementing Combinational Logic

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

Karnaugh Map
 Karnaugh Map
Implementation
For basic combinational logic circuits, the Karnaugh map can be read and the circuit drawn as a minimum SOP. A Karnaugh map is
drawn from a truth table.

3 variable K-map tutorial

4 variable K-map tutorial

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Steps
1. Select K-map according to the truth table
2. Build map: Note the sequence of numbers across the top of the map. It is not in binary sequence which would be 00, 01, 10, 11. It
is 00, 01, 11 10, which is Gray code sequence
3. For SOP put 1’s in blocks of K-map
4. Make rectangular groups containing total terms in power of two like 1,2,4,8 and try to cover as many elements as you can in one
group.
5. From the groups made in step 4 identify the inputs that does not change then find the product terms and sum them up for SOP
form. Apply a NOT sign for those that remain with 0
6. Implement SOP Combinational Logic Circuit

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Steps
1. Select K-map according to the truth table
2. Build map: Note the sequence of numbers across the top of the map. It is not in binary sequence which would be 00, 01, 10, 11. It
is 00, 01, 11 10, which is Gray code sequence

A B C Output
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Steps
3. For SOP put 1’s in blocks of K-map
4. Make rectangular groups containing total terms in power of two like 1,2,4,8 and try to cover as many elements as you can in one
group.

A B C Output
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0

1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Steps
5. From the groups made in step 4 identify the inputs that does not change, then find the product terms and sum them up for SOP
form. Apply a NOT sign for those that remain with 0

A B C Output
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
F = AB + BC + AC
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics
 Karnaugh Map
Steps
6. Implement SOP Combinational Logic Circuit

A B C Output
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1

F = AB + BC + AC

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Examples

Example 1 Example 2

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Examples

Example 3 Example 4

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Example 5
Examples

A B C D Output
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Examples

Example 6

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Karnaugh Map
Examples

Example 7

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

Universal Gates
 Universal Gates
NAND gates

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Universal Gates
NOR gates

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

Decodificadores, Multiplexores y
Demultiplexores
 Multiplexores

• Son circuitos combinacionales con varias entradas y una única salida de A B X

datos. Están dotados de entradas de control capaces de seleccionar una, y 0 0 1
solo una, de las entradas de datos para permitir su transmisión desde la
0 1 1
entrada seleccionada hacia dicha salida.
1 0 1
• Estos circuitos combinacionales poseen líneas de entrada de datos, una 1 1 0
línea de salida y n entradas de selección.

• Las entradas de selección indican cuál de estas líneas de entrada de datos

es la que proporciona el valor a la línea de salida. Cada combinación de
las entradas de selección corresponde a una entrada de datos, y la salida
final del multiplexor corresponderá al valor de dicha entrada
seleccionada.

• La tabla de verdad muestra que cuando A=0 entonces Q=I1. cuando A=1
entonces Q=I2

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Demultiplexores
1-to-4 Channel De-multiplexer

• El demultiplexor convierte una señal de datos en serie en la

entrada en datos en paralelo en sus líneas de salida.

• La función del demultiplexor es cambiar una línea de entrada

de datos común a cualquiera de las 4 líneas de datos de salida
A a D en nuestro ejemplo anterior.

• Los interruptores individuales se seleccionan mediante el

código de dirección de entrada binaria en los pines de
selección de salida “a” y “b” como se muestra.

A B X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Codificadores
• Un codificador es un circuito combinacional con 2N entradas y N salidas, cuya misión es presentar en la salida el código
binario correspondiente a la entrada activada

A B X
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics

 Decodificadores
• Es un circuito combinacional, cuya función es inversa a la del codificador, es decir, convierte un código binario de N bits de
entrada tales que cada línea de salida será activada para una sola de las combinaciones posibles de entrada.

• Normalmente, estos circuitos suelen encontrarse como decodificador / demultiplexor. Esto es debido a que un demultiplexor
puede comportarse como un decodificador.

A B X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Diego Luján Villarreal, Department of Mechatronics